The integrated building process Information structures

1. The integrated building process Information structures Facilitate for an uncomplicated and efficiant transfer of information between actors and processes and phases during the building process and through the whole life cycle of the building or the civil engineering work Kjell Ivar Bakkmoen, Sector manager Norwegian council for building standardization (NBR)

2. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries • Started as a review of the existing classification tables. • Starting point: • Need for structuring of information in the facility management phase - life cycle thinking • Need for reuse of information from the construction phase to the management phase • Parallell with participation in ISO, ICIS, IAI etc.

3. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries • ”Physical” tables: • NS 3451 Building elements table • NS 3457 Building type table • NS 3420 Specification texts for building and civil engineering • NS 3421 Specification texts for installations • Other tables: • NS 3454 Life cycle costs • NS 3455 Building functions • NS 3940 Calculation of area and volume - relation to • Type of area/space • Type of rooms • Localization

4. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries 2 BUILDING 21 Foundations 22 Structures 23 Outer walls 231 Primæry construction 233 Windows, doors etc. 235 Cladding and surface 233.x Outer doors 233.y Outer windows 24 Inner walls 241 Primæry construction 243 Windows, doors etc. 245 Cladding and surface 243.x Inner doors 243.y Inner windows 25 Floors Door in building elements classification (NS 3451)

5. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries R6 Doors, gates R61 Doors R62 Industry gates R63 Garage doors R61.1 Inner door R61.2 Outer door R61.3 Entrance door R61.4 Sliding doors Door in work section classification (NS 3420) 15 Wood.article interior 15/10 Bathroom panels 15/20 Doors 15/24 Windows 15/20/000 Inner doors 15/20/100 Out. doors 15/20/230 Slid. doors 15/20/420 Entr. doors Door in product classification (NOBB 1995)

6. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries • Classification tables are built on static hierarchies normally made for a special and limited purpose • No connection between the different tables • Does not establish a common understanding of all built objects • Does not necessarily function for new purposes • Not computer sensible • Does not cover everything, especially regarding properties • Conservative - experiences are connected to the existing tables

7. Aspects Stages Economy, logistic timing, guaranties, health, environment, security, FM, maintenance performance, properties permits, sertificates reuse, depony Idea, brief, planning, execution production, use, operating, outphasing demolishing renovation From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries Actors Producer, importer, consultants, contractor, user, FM personal informationsuppliers, software companies authorities Factors influencing the need for information

8. Opphengsbeslag Dør Dørblad Karm Vrider / skilt Låsbeslag From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries Hinge Door set Door Door frame Hardware Lock Singular understanding of the concept doorset, door, door frame (door is_part_of doorset, door frame is_part_of doorset)

9. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries Wall Compact wall Opening in wall Door Window Canals/ducts Doorleaf Door frame Furring Karmlist Hinge Locking Hardware Door split as physical parts

10. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries A Fire safety system AA Fire escape AB Fire wall AC Fire alarm AAA Doors AAB Corridors AAC Stairs AAD Exit Door in functional system (example) X Cleaning XX Surfaces building XY Surfaces interior XZ Equipment XXX Doors XXY Floor XXZ Wall XXÆ Roof Door in maintenance (example))

11. Width Modular width Nominal width Production width 7M 8M 9M 10M 12M Modular ”width”classes in a property structure is_part_of has_parts is_type_of has_types Example of simple relations / associations From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries Properties /Property classes Fire rating class Sound class Insulation class B15 B30 B60 B120 B240 Fire rating classes in a property structure

12. 24 Inner wall 243 Windows, doors 243.y Inner doors R61.1 Inner doors R6 Doors, gates R61 Doors 15 Wood.articles interior 15/20 Doors 15/20/000 Inner doors Wall Opening in wall Door A Fire safety system AB Fire escape ABA Doors X Cleaning XX Surfaces building XXX Doors Property classes Fire rating class B60 Width Modular width 10M From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries The object door with properties and in relation to building elements, work sections, products, functional systems and operating functions

13. is_type_of is_type_of 243.y Inner door 243 Windows, doors 24 Inner wall is_type_of is_type_of R61.1 Inner door R61 Doors R6 Doors, gates is_type_of is_type_of 15/20/000 Inner doors 15/20 Doors 15 Wood.articles interior is_part_of is_part_of Door Opening in wall Wall is_part_of is_part_of ABA Doors AB Fire escape A Fire safety system is_part_of is_part_of XXX Doors XX Surfaces building X Cleaning is_type_of is_type_of B60 Fire rating class Property classes is_type_of is_type_of 10M Modular width Width The object door with properties and in relation to building elements, work sections, products, functional systems and operating functions From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries

14. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries • We need a computer sensible library of all built objects • We need a framework for object oriented information where all those information elements are referenced to each other - integrated • A development towards an electronic model which will contain all information from “bubble” to grave. • Project documents will be snapshots of this model at a given time • A parallel movement among people engaged in structuring of information • ISO/TC 59/SC 13 (+ SC 14, SC 15) • ISO/TC 10/SC 8 Construction Documentation • IAI International Alliance for Interoperability • ICIS International Construction Information Society • ISO/TC 184/SC 4 STEP

15. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries • Cover all stages (same actors, need for common/similar environment) • Brief • Bubble diagrams • Drawings • Specifications • Calculation • Maintenance manuals • Information for demolishing • Cover all kinds of building and civil engineering projects • Furniture • Buildings • Roads • Railroads • Runways etc. • Require that all information is connected to well known, commonly agreed objects with established/ defined relations, and that everybody refer to the objects in the same way. • Common object/class/reference library?

16. Different words for the same child?? vocabulary ) terminology ) lexicon ) lexis ) repository ) glossary ) dictionary ) classification ) ontology ) of common (built objects taxonomy ) terms for (building parts hierarchy ) (construction objects and (properties (attributes (roles\ (relations Objects library, Parts library, Class library, Reference data library, Machine readable dictionary, Basic Semantic Unit (STEP Parts Lib), Data Element Type (DET IEC 61360) ?

17. From classification tables to object/class/reference librariesBygg- og AnleggsReferanseBIbliotek – BARBI Common terminology Reference library Specialized view Traditional classification tables Specialized view Object model Terms according to relation for exampledoor is_part_of Terms according to concept Terms according to concept

18. Architect CivilEngineer StructuralEngineer BuildingOwner Contractor Constr.Manager FacilitiesManager HVACEngineer

19. Architect CivilEngineer StructuralEngineer SHAREDPROJECTMODEL BuildingOwner Contractor Constr.Manager FacilitiesManager HVACEngineer

20. Architect CivilEngineer StructuralEngineer Architect modeller Engineermodeller SHAREDPROJECTMODEL BuildingOwner Ownerbrowser Contractor Contractortool Constr.Manager FacilitiesManager HVACEngineer

21. Officelibrary Engineerlibrary Architect library Costcatalogue Bestsolutions(NBI) Productcatalogue(NOBB) Architect StructuralEngineer Architect modeller Engineermodeller SHAREDPROJECTMODEL BuildingOwner Ownerbrowser Contractor Contractortool

23. External reference (information) data (EN ISO etc.)

24. From classification tables to object/class/reference libraries 1 Study Find out what has been done Understand principles for product modelling Understand different product models Understand the evolution which has been going on (Avoid doing things twice) 2 Testing and developing Test the most promising existing solutions with a typical built object (The wall test case) Test their ability to changes Do necessary changes and development 3 Conclusions