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Midbrain (mesencephalon)

Midbrain (mesencephalon). Cerebellum. Subconscious skeletal muscle mvmt. Equilibrium and balance. Functions. Evaluate how cerebrum initiated movements are being executed Coordinates skeletal muscle contractions Posture & balance Cognition and language processing See table 14.2.

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Midbrain (mesencephalon)

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  1. Midbrain (mesencephalon)

  2. Cerebellum Subconscious skeletal muscle mvmt

  3. Equilibrium and balance

  4. Functions • Evaluate how cerebrum initiated movements are being executed • Coordinates skeletal muscle contractions • Posture & balance • Cognition and language processing • See table 14.2

  5. Surrounds third ventricle Diencephalon

  6. Internal medullary lamina = • Y-shaped (white matter) • Divides lobes of gray matter Thalamus

  7. Hypothalamus Composed of a dozen nuclei REGULATES: • ANS activities • Production and release of hormones (oxytocin & ADH) • Emotional and behavioral patterns (with limbic system) • Feeding center, satiety center, thirst center • Body temperature • Circadian rhythms

  8. Epithalamus

  9. Cerebrum • Read, write, memory, imagine, emotions, math, music etc. • Gray matter / white matter

  10. Longitudinal fissure • Corpus callosum • 5 lobes CerebrumThe Seat of Intelligence

  11. Brain Lobes • Folded deep within lateral sulcus • Believed to play a role in emotion, consciousness and regulating homeostasis

  12. Corpus Callosum • Callosal commissure • Tough body • Broad band of nerve fibers • Hemispheric communication • Largest white matter area

  13. Cerebrum Functional AreasSensory, Motor, Association

  14. Cerebral Cortex

  15. Brain Folds of Cerebral Cortex • Gyri – convolutions • Sulci – shallow grooves • Fissures – deeper grooves • Longitudinal fissure (most prominent)  separates the cerebral hemispheres. • Falx cerebri  in the longitudinal fissure

  16. Cerebral White Matter • Connections between parts of brain and to rest of NS • Myelinated axons – 3 directions

  17. Cerebral White Matter • 3 types of fibers: • Association – gyri in same hemisphere • Commissural (3 groups) – corresponding gyri between hemispheres • Projection

  18. Cerebral White Matter • Commissural Fibers • Corpus Callosum – largest • Anterior Commissure • Posterior Commissure

  19. Projection fibers: • Internal Capsule thick band of white matter containing ascending and descending tracts • Runs through basal nuclei

  20. Basal Gangliaor Basal Nuclei • NOTE  no longer called ganglia b/c that is a group of cell bodies in the PNS. • 3 large nuclei deep within white matter • Globus pallidus • Putamen • Caudate nucleus

  21. Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) • Globus pallidus + putamen = lentiform nucleus • Lentiform nucleus + caudate nucleus = corpus striatum

  22. FUNCTIONS: • Initiate and terminate body movements • Suppress unwanted movements • Regulate muscle tone • Sensory, limbic, cognitive and linguistic functions

  23. Limbic System • Emotional Life, Memory, Motivation, Epinephrine (adrenaline) flow • CURRENT structures include: • Hippocampus – spatial memory and learning • Amygdala – Cognitive, emotional and social processes • Mammillary bodies of hypothalamus – limbic circuits • Olfactory bulbs • Fornix • Stria terminalis • Stria medullaris • Medial forebrain bundle • Mammillothalamis tract Linked by bundles of interconnected myelinated axons

  24. Limbic System

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