Progressives and Political Reform in the Gilded Age

1. Chapter 19 Political Reform and the Progressive Era

3. Ch 19 Sec 1The Gilded Age and Progressive Reform I can understand how reformers tried to end government corruption and limit the influence of big business

4. The Gilded Age • Things looked good after Civil War but underneath, rotten 2 PROBLEMS • Industrialists getting rich at peoples expense • Government corruption

5. SPOILS SYSTEM • You get elected, you give your friends government jobs • 1881 James Garfield didn’t and got killed • 1883 Civil Service Law Charles Guiteau - 1882

6. Big Business • Congressmen bribed • Police paid off GO TO PG 645

7. RESULTS • 1887 – Pres. Cleveland signed Interstate Commerce Act. Stopped rebates • Set up Interstate Commerce Commission • 1890 – Pres. Harrison signed Sherman Anti Trust Act. (not completely effective)

8. Corruption in Cities • Cities need sewers, other services • Political bosses gave jobs to friends • City politicians and bosses befriended immigrants – WHY?

9. Boss Tweed • One of the worst • 20 years cheated N.Y. City out of $100 mil Relate to civil service

10. Progressive Reforms • Wisconsin Plan – Commissions to solve problems – Railroad Commission lowered prices • Primary Elections instead of Party picks • Recall • Initiatives

11. Progressive Reforms • 16th Amendment – 1913 – Income Tax • 17th Amendment – Direct election of senators • The Press – Muckrakers – Exposed problems in government, business and industry

12. Examples Upton Sinclair – 1878 – 1968 The Jungle Ida Tarbell – 1857 – 1944 Standard Oil Expose Lincoln biographer

14. Ch 19 Sec 2The Progressive Presidents I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS EXTENDED REFORMS

15. PROGRESSIVES What is a Progressive? • Someone who wants to move ahead, beyond what we have. • Early 1900’s, series of Progressive Presidents

16. #1 • William McKinley • Assassinated Sept. 6, 1901

17. #2 • McKinley’s V.P. takes over • Theodore Roosevelt

18. T.R. do not copy • At 42 – Youngest American President • From New York – Alive when Lincoln was assassinated

20. T.R. Public Service • Age 23 – New York Legislature • Civil Service Commission • Commissioner of New York Police • Assistant Secretary of the Navy • Cavalry hero in Spanish American War

21. Elected as V.P. for McKinley

22. T.R. as PresidentTake Notes • Trustbuster 1. Broke up Northern Securities Trust (RR’s) 2. Broke up Standard Oil 3. Broke up American Tobacco 4. Sided with Unions in a mine strike (1902)

23. T.R. Accomplishments • 1904 – Ran for President – SQUARE DEAL • Said everyone has opportunity to succeed • Conservation President • Set aside land for National Parks • Created National Park Service • Consumer protections – Health & Safety

24. William Taft – 1908 • Quiet & Cautious • Broke up more trusts • Graduated income tax • Safety laws for miners • 8 hour work day • Controlled child labor

25. Taft • Favored protective tariffs • Lost Progressive support Bath tub – baseball – milk cow – first car

26. The Next Election - 1912 • Roosevelt wanted back in • Taft controlled Republican Party REMEMBER SPLITTING THE VOTE? WHAT HAPPENS? • Democrat Woodrow Wilson wins

27. Wilson • Brilliant, scholar, cautious, rigid • Plan – The New Freedom • Encouraged fair competition

28. Wilson • Created Federal Trade Commission • Signed Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Passed Federal Reserve Act

30. Ch 19 Sec 3The Rights of Women • I can understand how women gained new rights

31. Progressives Wanted reform of Government Business Quality of Life Not concerned about women’s suffrage

32. Suffrage Senaca Falls Convention - 1848, birth of Women’s suffrage After Civil war, National Women’s Suffrage Association Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton

33. Western States WY – UT – CO – ID, allowed women to vote Early 1900’s, 5 mil women worked outside the home, but paid less Stanton and Anthony died New leader – Carrie Chapman Catt Campaigned for vote

36. Alice Paul

40. 19th Amendment Passed Congress in 1919 Ratified by ¾ of states 1920

41. Opportunities Education – 1877 – First female Ph.D – Boston College 1900 – 1,000- female lawyers, 7,000 female doctors

42. Women’s Clubs First, just social Many reformers came from clubs

43. Other causes Florence Kelley – Child labor Frances Willard – Women’s Christian Temperance Union Carrie Nation – Temperance movement 18th Amendment, 1917 – Ratified 1919

45. Ch 19 Sec 4 • I can understand the challenges faced by minority groups.

46. Struggles for Justice • Progressives not concerned about minority rights 1. Jim Crow laws 2. Violence against blacks 3. Similar problems for Mexicans, Asians and religious minorities

47. African Americans • Discrimination in both north and south • Housing discrimination • Discrimination in jobs

48. Booker T. Washington • Born a slave • Taught self to read and write • Worked his way through school and college • Became a teacher • Promoted job training at Tuskegee Institute

49. B.T. Washington • Supported by Carnegie & Rockefeller • Advisor to Progressive Presidents • Said with jobs and training, blacks could earn money and gain power and demand equality • Criticized by W.E.B. Du Bois

50. W.E.B. Du Bois • Ph.D. from Harvard • Agreed that blacks must be thrifty, patient and get training • Activist about discrimination • Founded N.A.A.C.P. 1909