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University of Gujrat Department of Computer Science

University of Gujrat Department of Computer Science. Lecture # 6 Introduction to Assembly Language. Course Code : CS-252 Computer Organization and Assembly Language. Contents. Specific Machine Levels Assembly Language Assembly Language relation to machine language

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University of Gujrat Department of Computer Science

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  1. University of GujratDepartment of Computer Science Lecture # 6 Introduction to Assembly Language Course Code : CS-252 Computer Organization and Assembly Language University of Gujrat

  2. Contents • Specific Machine Levels • Assembly Language • Assembly Language relation to machine language • High-Level Language relation to Machine Language • Portability of Assembly Language • Creating and running a Program University of Gujrat

  3. Specific Machine Levels University of Gujrat

  4. Assembly Language • Low-Level language • Oldest of all programming Languages • Bears closest resemblance to native machine language • Provides direct access to computer hardware requiring you to understand much about your computer’s architecture and operating system • You need to develop an understanding how memory addresses and instructions work at a low level, if you plan to be High-Level language developer University of Gujrat

  5. Assembly Language relation to Machine Language • Machine Language is a numeric language specifically understood by a computer’s processor • Assembly language consists of statements written with short mnemonics such as ADD, SUB and CALL • Assembly language has one-to-one relation with machine language i.e.One Assembly Language Instruction corresponds to exactly one machine language instruction Machine Language 10100000 01010000 Assembly Language MOV AX,5 University of Gujrat

  6. High-Level Language relation to Machine Language • High-Level Language have one-to-many relationship with assembly language and machine language e.g. • Assembly Language • movax,y • add ax,4 • mov bx,3 • imulbx • movx,ax High Level Language x = (Y + 4) * 3; University of Gujrat

  7. Is Assembly Language Portable? • Assembly language program is not portable because it is designed for specific processor family. • The instructions in assembly language may directly match the computer architecture or they may be translated during execution by a program inside the processor known as microcode interpreter University of Gujrat

  8. Creating and Running a Program Editor .OBJ File Linker .ASM File Assembler .EXE File University of Gujrat

  9. Programs Required Assembler A utility program that converts source code program from assembly language into machine language Linker A utility program that combines individual files created by an assembler into a single executable program Debugger A utility program that lets you to step through a program while its running and examine registers and Memory University of Gujrat

  10. A Simple Program Move 5 to AX Move 10 to BX ADD BX to AX Move 15 to BX ADD BX to AX Assembly Language • mov ax,5 • mov bx,10 • addax,bx • mov bx,15 • addax,bx University of Gujrat

  11. General Instruction Format • instruction dest, src • instruction dest • instruction src • instruction University of Gujrat

  12. EX01.ASM [ORG 100h] mov ax,5 mov bx,10 add ax,bx mov bx,15 add ax,bx mov ax,4C00h int 21h University of Gujrat

  13. Word Representation • 2 Byte Word • Representation in Memory MSB LSB Representation 1 MSB LSB Big Endian Notation 0 1 Representation 2 LSB MSB Little Endian Notation 0 1

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