Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos

1. Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos Cognates and False Cognates

2. Nouns Many Spanish nouns can easily be converted into English nouns. English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-or’ are very often identical. #1. -or = -or EnglishSpanish actor actor color color doctor doctor director director

3. Nouns English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in ‘-al’ are often identical. #2. -al = -al EnglishSpanish animal animal general general hospital hospital manual manual moral moral

4. Nouns Many English nouns ending with ‘-ist’, can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to ‘-ista’. #3. -ist → -ista EnglishSpanish artist list socialist tourist artista lista socialista turista

5. Nouns #4.-ism → -ismo EnglishSpanish idealism realism mechanism optimism organism idealismo realismo mechanismo optimismo organismo

6. Nouns #5. -nce → -ncia EnglishSpanish abundance abundancia arrogance experience patience intelligence arrogancia experiencia paciencia inteligencia

7. Nouns #6. -ty → -dad EnglishSpanish activity actividad curiosity electricity identity university curiosidad electricidad identidad universidad

8. Nouns #7. -tion → -ción EnglishSpanish association asociación combination combinación condition condición exemption exempción instruction instrución

9. Nouns English nouns ending with ‘-y’ often correspond to Spanish nouns ending with ‘-ía’, ‘ia’, or ‘io’. #8. -y → '-ía', '-ia', or '-io' EnglishSpanish agency agencia agony agonía battery batería family familia history historia salary salario testimony testimonio dictionary diccionario

10. Adjectives Like nouns, many English adjectives can be converted into Spanish simply by changing the word ending. Here are some useful rules. #1. -ive → ivo EnglishSpanish active activo decisive decisivo festive festivo effective efectivo indicative indicativo

11. Adjectives #2. -al = -al EnglishSpanish brutal brutal usual usual local local criminal criminal natural natural

12. Adjectives #4. -ic → -ico EnglishSpanish magnetic magnético fantastic fantástico electric eléctrico artistic artístico automatic automático

13. Adjectives #5. -ble = -ble EnglishSpanish admirable admirable impossible imposible terrible terrible favorable favorable notable notable

14. Adjectives #6. -nt → -nte EnglishSpanish ignorant ignorante convenient conveniente prudent prudente important importante triumphant triunfante

15. Adjectives #7. -id → -ido EnglishSpanish stupid estúpido lucid lúcido splendid espléndido candid cándido solid sólido

16. Adjectives #8. -ile → -il EnglishSpanish agile ágil fragile frágil mobile móvil juvenile juvenil automobile automóvil

17. Adjectives #9. -ary → -ario EnglishSpanish arbitrary arbitrario ordinary ordinario imaginary imaginario

18. Adverbs In English, "-ly" combines with many adjectives to form adverbs. In Spanish, "-mente" combines with (feminine) adjectives to form Spanish adverbs. -ly → -mente EnglishSpanish absolutely absolutamente normally normalmente naturally naturalmente finally finalmente correctly correctamente exactly exactamente evidently evidentemente difficultly dificilmente

19. False Cognates Many words appears to be similar in English and Spanish, but do not have the same meaning. These are called “false cognates”. Below are a few examples of false cognates. 1.) embarazada – pregnant Does not mean “embarrassed”. embarrassed = avergonzado 2.) bizarro – brave; valiant Does not mean “strange” or “bizarre” strange; bizarre = extraño; raro 3.) asistir – to attend Does not mean “to assist” to assist = ayudar (to help) 4.) éxito – success Does not mean “exit” exit = salida 5.) fábrica – factory Does not mean “fabric” fabric = tejido