Chemistry: Extended Experimental Investigation

1. Chemistry: Extended Experimental Investigation Experimental Investigation Report Valdus Vong

2. Risk Management in Prac Activities Practical Activity A – Preparation of Carbon Dioxide: Pre-lab Safety Information Practical Activity B – Properties of Carbon Dioxide: Pre-lab Safety Information

3. Risk Management in Prac Activities Practical Activity C – Properties of Dry Ice: Pre-lab Safety Information Practical Activity D – Soda Water: acidity and effect on heating: Pre-lab Safety Information Practical Activity E – Comparing cans of cola: Pre-lab Safety Information

4. Methods of preparing Carbon Dioxide • Add about 3mL of Lime water (Ca(OH)₂) into a test-tube. Use a drinking straw to gently blow air through the solution until it becomes a cloudy state. • Pour about 25mL of 10% glucose solution into a 100mL conical flask and then add as much yeast as can be accumulated onto a 10c piece. • Stopper the flask with a single-holed stopper connected to a short length of glass tubing. Attach a 30cm rubber tubing and a glass delivery tube around 15 cm in length. • Add around 10mL of lime water to a clean test-tube and stand it in a test-tube rack with the flask of fermenting liquid. Insert the delivery tube from the flask into the lime water test-tube. • Set the apparatus aside in a room for around 1-2 days. • Note the odour of the fermenting liquid. Record your observations.

5. Tables of chemical reactions within experiments

6. Commercial uses of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) • One of the greatest use of carbon dioxide is as a chemical in the production of carbonated beverages; produces the sparkle and fizz in beverages such as soda water. • Carbon dioxide is also formed by the activity of yeast or baking powder, which is the logical reason why bread dough rises whilst heated in the oven. • In fire extinguishers, large amounts of carbon dioxide is compacted in the cylinder and ejected through the nozzle and settles on flames; suffocating the flame and putting it out. • The solid form of carbon dioxide, known as ‘dry ice’, is used as a refrigerating cooling-agentor for producing mist. • The most common use of carbon dioxide by all plant life is in the process known as ‘photosynthesis’, in which they produce their food with glucose and the byproduct being oxygen.

7. Environmental Issues with carbon dioxide • Carbon dioxide plays an important role in Earth’s greenhouse effect as it regulates Earth’s temperature by keeping the sun’s heat inside Earth’s atmosphere. However, due to human industrial activities and such, carbon dioxide has accumulated and increased over the many years and is genuinely ‘absorbing’ too much of the sun’s heat. Human activities that have contributed to Earth’s atmospheric issues:- Burning of fossil fuels: Major issue with carbon dioxide outbreak as fossil fuels have been used to produce electricity and for everyday use by humans for purposes such as; transportation, technological use, etc. - Deforestation: Clearing of forests and trees have contributed to decreasing photosynthetic plants and disrupting the balance of oxygen/carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Less trees = more carbon dioxide.

8. References • Chemistry Practical Booklet – Unit 2 Practical Activity A-E – Carbon Dioxide • http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0810371.html Information on some uses of carbon dioxide • http://www.uigi.com/carbondioxide.html Facts on carbon dioxide – includes statistics • http://www.blurtit.com/q137497.html Simplified, basic uses of carbon dioxide • http://www.lenntech.com/carbon-dioxide.htm Environmental issues with carbon dioxide