Grammar Introduction

1. Grammar Introduction

2. Parts of Speech • There are only eight kinds of words. They are the parts of speech. • Nouns • Pronouns • Verbs • Adjectives • Adverbs • Conjunctions • Interjections • Prepositions

3. Parts of a Sentence • Only five parts of a sentence. • Subject • Simple/Complete • Predicate • Simple/Complete • Direct Object • Indirect Object • Subject Complement • Predicate nominative/adjective

4. Sentence Structure Indirect Object Linking Verb Direct Object Action Verb Subject Complement Subject

5. Phrases • There are three types of phrases. • Prepositional • Appositive • Verbal • Gerund • Participle • Infinitive

6. Clauses • There are two types of clauses. • Independent • Dependent • Sentences can be termed as: • Simple • Compound • Complex • Compound-Complex

7. Clauses - continued • Sentences can also be classified as: • Declarative • Imperative • Interrogative • Exclamatory

8. Punctuating Clauses D, I I D I, cc I I; I I, I = comma splice IccI = run-on sentence

9. Patterns adj n n v Adv v Adv adv v Prep adj n Adv adj n -x- conj -x-

10. Practice • Action is the foundational key to all success (Pablo Picasso). • n lv adj adj n prep adj n. • S P SC(pn) • prep phrase – to all success • 1 Independent Clause; 1 simple, declarative Sentence

11. Practice • I couldn’t wait for success, so I went ahead without it (Jonathan Winters). • Pron hv adv v prep n, conj Pron v adv prep n • S P S P • prep phrase – for success prep phrase – without it • 2 independent clauses; 1 compound, declarative sentences (I, cc I)

12. Practice • I don’t know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody (Bill Cosby). • Pron hv adv v adj n prep n, conj adj n prep n hv v n • S P DO S P DO • prep phrase – to success prep phrase – to failure infinitive phrase – to please everybody • 2 Independent Clause; 1 Compound, Declarative Sentences (I, cc I)

13. Practice • In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure (Bill Cosby). • Prep n, adj n prep n hv v n conj adj n prep n. • S P DO • prep phrase - in order to succeed infinitive phrase – to succeed, prep phrase – for success prep phrase – of failure • 1 independent clause, 2 dependent clauses; 1 complex, declarative sentence (D, I D)

14. Practice • In order to succeed, you must fail, so that you know what not to do the next time (Anthony J. D’Angelo). • Prep n, pron hv v, conj pron v pron adv n adj adj n • S P, S P DO • prep phrase – In order to succeed infinitive phrase – to succeed, ,infinitve phrase – what not to do the next time • 2 independent clauses, 1 dependent clause; 1 compound-complex, declarative sentence (D, I, conj I)

15. Practice • Success is that old ABC, ability, break, and courage (Charles Luckman). • n lv adj adj n adj(n, n, conj, n) • S P SC(pn) • Appositive – ability, break, and courage • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

16. Practice • The thermometer of success is merely the jealousy of the malcontents (Salvador Dali). • Adj n prep n lv adv adj n prep adj n • S P SC(pn) • prep phrase – of success prep phrase – of the malcontents • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

17. Practice • It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well (Rene Descartes). • Pron lv adv adj n; adj adj n lv n • S P SC(pa); S P SC(pn) • infinitive phrase – to have a good mind, infinitive phrase – to use it well • 2 independent clauses; 1 compound, declarative sentences (I;I)

18. Practice • Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic (Arthur C. Clarke). • Adj adv adj n lv adj prep n • S P SC(pa) • prep phrase – from magic • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

19. Practice • I love the smell of napalm in the morning (Apocalypse Now). • Pron v adj n prep n prep adj n • S P DO • prep phrase – of napalm prep phrase – in the morning • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

20. Practice • The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force (Star Wars). • N lv adj prep adj n prep adj n • S P SC(pa) • Infinitive phrase – The ability to destroy a planet prep phrase – next to the power prep phrase – of the Force • 1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause; 1 complex , declarative sentence

21. Practice • I’ll make him an offer [that] he can’t refuse (The Godfather). • Pron hv v pron adj n [conj] pron hv adv v • S P IO DO S P • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 2 independent clauses; 1 compound, declarative sentence (I;I OR I, conj I)

22. Practice • Either he’s dead, or my watch has stopped (A Day at the Races). • Conj pron lv adj, conj adj n hv v • S P SC(pa), S P • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative sentence (I, c I)

23. Practice • It just so happens that your friend here is only mostly dead (The Princess Bride). • Pron adv adv av conj adj n adv lv adv adv adj • S P S P SC(pa) • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause; 1 complex declarative sentence (I D)

24. Practice • Well, Princess, it looks like you managed to keep me here a while longer (The Empire Strikes Back). • Interj, n(noun of address), pron lv conj Pron av n • S P, S P DO • Infinitive phrase – to keep me here a while longer • 1 independent clause; 1 complex, declarative sentence

25. Practice • Go ahead, make my day (Sudden Impact). • [You] Go ahead; [You] make my day. • V adv, v adj n • [S] P, [S] P DO • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 2 independent clauses; 1 compound, imperative sentences (I;I)

26. Practice • This one goes to eleven (This Is Spinal Tap). • Adj n av prep n • S P • Prep phrase – to eleven • 1 independent clause; 1 simple declarative sentence

27. Practice • Stupid is, as stupid does (Forrest Gump). • N bv, conj n bv • S P S P • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 2 independent clauses; 1 compound declarative sentence (I, conj I)

28. Practice • Don’t call me a mindless philosopher, you overweight glob of grease (Star Wars)! • Hv adv av pron adj adj n, pron adj n prep n • [S] P IO DO • Noun phrase – you overweight glob of grease prep phrase – of grease • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, exclamatory sentence

29. Practice • Not one couple in a century has that chance, no matter what the story books say (The Princess Bride). • Adv adj n prep adj n av adj n, conj pron adj adj n av • S P DO, DO S P • Prep phrase – in a century • 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative sentence (I, conj I)

30. Practice • Laugh it up, fuzzball (The Empire Strikes Back). • Av pron adv, n(noun of address) • [S] P DO • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, imperative sentence

31. Practice • You got that number to that truck-driving school, Truck Masters (Top Gun)? • Pron v adj n prep adj adj n, n • S P DO • Prep phrase – to that truck-driving school, Truck Masters gerund – truck-driving appositive – Truck Masters • 1 independent clause; 1 simple interrogative sentence

32. Practice • You mocked me once, never do it again (The Princess Bride)! • Pron av pron adv, adv av pron adv • S P DO, P DO • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, imperative sentence

33. Practice • Luke, I am your father (The Empire Strikes Back). • n(noun of address), pron lv adj n • S P SC(pn) • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

34. Practice • She picks our clothes out for us, makes our lunches, cuts the crust off the ends of our bread (Fresh Prince of Bel-Air). • Pron av adj n adv prep pron, av adj n, av adj n prep adj n prep adj n • S P DO, P DO, P DO • Prep phrase – for us, prep phrase – off the ends prep phrase – of our bread • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

35. Practice • Nurse, if I gave you a direct order to betray him (Star Trek)? • n(noun of address), conj Pron av pron adj adj n n pron • S P IO DO • Infinitve phrase – a direct order to betray him • [1 independent clause,] 1 dependent clause; 1 simple, interrogative sentence • [Would you do it?]

36. Practice • Snakes, Why’d it have to be snakes (Raiders of the Lost Ark)? • N Adv hv pron av n n • S P DO • Noun phrase – Snakes Infinitive phrase – to be snakes • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, interrogative sentence

37. Practice • You’re a beautiful woman, probably (Doctor Who). • Pron lv adj adj n, adv • S P SC(pn) • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

38. Practice • The Force is with you, young Skywalker, but you are not a Jedi yet (The Empire Strikes Back). • Adj n lv prep pron, n, conj pron lv adv adj n adv • S P, S P SC(pn) • Prep phrase – with you appositive – young Skywalker • 2 independent clauses; 1 compound, declarative sentence

39. Practice • I always like to do the unexpected, [because] it takes people by surprise (Doctor Who). • Pron adv av n adj n, [conj] pron av n prep n • S P DO, S P DO • Infinitve phrase – to do the unexpected prep phrase – by surprise • 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative sentence (I;I OR I, [conj] I)

40. Practice • You lost today, kid, but that doesn’t mean you have to like it (Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade). • Pron av adv, n(noun of address), conj pron hv adv av pron hv n pron • S P, S P DO • Infinitive phrase – you have to like it • 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative sentence

41. Practice • Give yourself to the Dark Side (Return of the Jedi). • Av pron prep adj adj n • [S] P DO • Prep phrase – to the Dark Side • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, imperative sentence

42. Practice • It’s not the years, honey, it’s the mileage (Raiders of the Lost Ark). • Pron lv adv adj n, n(noun of address) pron lv adj n • S P DO, S P DO • no phrases, appositives, or verbals • 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative sentence

43. Practice • Rest is for the weary; sleep is for the dead (Doctor Who). • N lv prep adj n; n lv prep adj n • S P; S P • Prep phrase – for the weary Prep phrase – for the dead • 2 independent clauses; 1 compound, declarative sentence

44. Practice • It’s curious that you should be destined for this wand when its brother gave you that scar (Harry Potter). • Pron lv adj conj pron hv hv av prep adj prep conj adj n av pron adj n • S P SC(pa) S P S P IO DO • Prep phrase – for this wand • 1 independent clause, 2 dependent clauses; 1 complex, declarative sentence

45. Practice • Your little girlfriend gave me the stinkeye in art class yesterday (Juno). • Adj adj n av pron adj n prep adj adj adv • S P IO DO • Prep phrase – in art class • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence

46. Practice • For eight hundred years have I trained Jedi (The Empire Strikes Back). • Prep adj adj n hv pron av n • P S P DO • Prep phrase – for eight hundred years • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence • [I have trained Jedi for eight hundred years.]

47. Practice • May the Force be with you (Star Wars). • Hv adj n bv prep pron • P S P • Prep phrase – with you • 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative sentence • [The Force may be with you.]