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Revolutions in Europe & Latin America

Revolutions in Europe & Latin America. Europe after Napoleon. What are Nationalists? What were they interested in?. Who: Balkans (Ottomans), Greeks (Ottoman). What: National groups who shared a common heritage, set out to win their own state. When: 1800s

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Revolutions in Europe & Latin America

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  1. Revolutions in Europe & Latin America

  2. Europe after Napoleon

  3. What are Nationalists?What were they interested in? • Who: Balkans (Ottomans), Greeks (Ottoman). • What: National groups who shared a common heritage, set out to win their own state. • When: 1800s • Where: Serbia, Greece, Spain, Portugal & Italy • Why: This was an outgrowth of the Enlightenment and French Revolution.

  4. More French Revolutions!!! • Louis XVIII’s Constitutional Monarchy • France had a constitution (Charter of French Liberties) with a bicameral legislature, but still kept the monarchy in place. • Conservatives • UNHAPPY with constitution and wanted to restore the old regime. • Liberals • Slightly Unhappy, wanted more people involved in the government.

  5. Charles X • Brother of Louis XVIII (died in 1824) • Believer in Absolutism. • Rejected his brother’s charter. • Suspended the Legislature. • Limited the right to vote. • Restricted the press. • French Revolution of 1830 • Liberals & Radicals barricaded streets and fired on soldiers. • They took control of Paris. • A scared Charles abdicated and fled to England.

  6. French Revolution of 1848 • Causes • Louis Philippe’s reforms helped only the rich, while workers still couldn’t vote. • Poor harvests, bread prices soar, jobs lost. • France ripe for Revolution. • Effects • Streets blocked in Paris. • Forced Louis Philippe to abdicate. • Bourgeoisie gained power and rights, peasants cry “Bread or Lead,” protestors attacked 1500 people killed. • Right and left distrusted each other.

  7. Louis Napoleon/Napoleon III • Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte • Presented himself as a man who cared about the workers, but his famous name helped with conservatives. • 1852 he proclaimed himself emperor, taking the title Napoleon III, which ended the 2nd Republic. • Used a plebiscite to gain/show approval, 90% of voters supported him.

  8. “When France sneezes, Europe catches cold.” • Meaning – As French Revolutions occurred, they spread throughout Europe. • Examples – Belgium & Poland after the 1830 Revolution. • Austria, Italy & Germany after the 1848 Revolution.

  9. Clemens von Metternich • Prince of Austria • Very Conservative • After 30 years of controlling politics he was forced to escape in disguise from student protestors. • Government was forced to end serfdom and write a constitution. • Austrian army regained control of Vienna.

  10. Latin American Discontent

  11. Causes of Discontent • Ethnic & Social Hierarchy • Only Spanish born citizens could hold top jobs in government & church, others were angered by this. • Slaves (Africans) longed for freedom. • Other groups distrusted one another but banded together once independent creoles dominated.

  12. Causes of Discontent • Enlightenment Ideas • Read works of Voltaire, Rousseau & Montesquieu. • Inspiration through other revolutions. • Women involved, exchanging ideas. • Napoleon • Saw Napoleon invade Spain and oust king. • Saw Spain’s weakness as an opportunity to reject foreign domination and demand independence from colonial rule.

  13. Mexican Independence • Creoles wanted independence but did not want too many changes. • 1810 – Miguel Hidalgo a creole priest started revolution with “El Grito de Delores” speech. • Mexicans supported Hidalgo until he tried to get rights for the Natives. A year after his speech, with his support gone, Hidalgo was captured and executed. • Jose Morelos led the rebellion for 4 years until he was captured & killed in 1815. • 1820 – Liberals forced the King of Spain to draft a constitution. Fearing a new government Agustin de Iturbide supported the revolutionaries and overthrew the Spanish in Mexico. This led to military rule for the next 100 years.

  14. Simon Bolivar • Beliefs / Who was he? An educated creole who admired the French and American Revolutions. • What did he want? He dreamed of winning independence from Spain. • Plan & “The Liberator” – Bolivar marched his army across the Andes and attacked the Spanish at Bogota with the help of the Ilaneros. Bolivar gained his nickname by freeing Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru & Bolivia.

  15. Jose de San Martin • Early beginnings • Born in Argentina, San Martin went to Europe for military training. • Revolution • In 1816 he helped Argentina win their independence from Spain. • Other Victories • San Martin defeated the Spanish in Chile before moving into Peru, eventually working with Bolivar for a short time.

  16. Brazil’s Independence • Napoleon’s Influence • When Napoleon’s armies conquered Portugal, the royal family fled to Brazil. • The king made many reforms and left his son Dom Pedro to rule. • Pedro I gave Brazil its independence and he took the throne. • He allowed a constitution, freedom of press & religion and elected legislation. • Stayed a monarchy until 1889 when it became a republic.

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