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Rudy Soekamto Setiabudi Edited by Hana eliyani

SPLANCHNOLOGY. Rudy Soekamto Setiabudi Edited by Hana eliyani. SPLANCHNOLOGY. Science which study viscera of animals. The root” sphlancnon” means internal organ (the entrails).

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Rudy Soekamto Setiabudi Edited by Hana eliyani

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  1. SPLANCHNOLOGY Rudy Soekamto Setiabudi Edited by Hana eliyani

  2. SPLANCHNOLOGY • Science which study viscera of animals. • The root” sphlancnon” means internal organ (the entrails). • Viscera includes only the organs belonging to the systems that maintain the life of the individual and secure the continuity of the species, example: • digestive, respiratory andurogenital System.

  3. Structure in general • Structure organs with or without a cavity, always surrounded by and, if hollow lined by special layers. Whether hollow or solid, most viscera are prominent in the cavity of the body. • Viscera lined by layers : serous (outer wall) muscular (middle wall) mucous (inner layer).

  4. SPLANCHNOLOGY • Apparatus digestive deals with food. • Apparatus respiratory with gases. • Apparatus urinary removes the residues, as do the other two systems also to maintain the metabolic balance and, consequently, that of life itself. • Apparatus genitalia for perpetuate the species.

  5. BODY CAVITY • Mamalia have two cavities: thorax cavity and abdominal cavity separated by diaphragm. • thorax & abdominal organs were protected by membrane (pleura, pericardia and peritoneum,) this layers produces mucous liquid in the cavity for protecting the adhesion and friction.

  6. system digestive = apparatus digestorius =systema digestorium • Composes of organs which receive & digest the food. • This tube run along the body, starts from lips until anus • example : mouth, pharynx, esophagus gaster, intestine & accessory organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver and pancreas.

  7. Canalis alimentarius Tractus digestivus (canalis alimentarius) composes of : • esophagus, • Ventriculus • intestinum tenuae & • intestinum crassum

  8. oralcavity • LABIUM • LINGUA • DENTES • PALATUM MOLLE • PHARYNX • GLD. SALIVA

  9. Oral Cavity cavum oris tongue Gld sublingualis

  10. PALATUM cattle/horse

  11. tongue (LINGUAE) • Position in the mouth between rami mandible • Fix in radix linguae • Dorsal surface is free = dorsum lingua. • On the mucousa surface have papillae, filiformes, fungiformes, vallatae, foliatae & conicae. • Salivary glands sublingualis/buccalis. • Support by intrinsic &extrinsic muscles • Arteri/vena/nervus

  12. Function of the tongue • is very motile, it shows differences in structure according to its varying usage for the species. • Function: • Intake of solid & liquid food (licking and sucking). • Grasp and sort of food • Taste the food. • Mastication & deglutitation. • Cleansing of the skin and hair coat.

  13. LINGUA HORSE p.vallate tonsil p.foliate

  14. lingua radix epiglottis oesophagus • Facies dorsal have: • papillae filiformis • papillae fungiformis • papillae circumvalatae • papillae foliatae Corpus lingua apex lingua

  15. SALIVARY Glands • The ducts open into the mouth. • 1. parotid gland (under the ear). 2. mandibular gland (under the lower jow). 3. sublingual gland (under the tongue)

  16. salivary glands cattle gld.parotis gld mandibula

  17. Salivary glands cattle gld parotis gld buccalis dorsales gld mandibularis Gld buccales ventrales

  18. TEETH ( DENTES) • portion within a socket in the upper and lower jaw and a portion exposed term as crown (corona). • In the interior of the teeth is a pulp cavity containing soft material and including vessels & nerves. • Function :d.Incisi  biting, d.canini  tearing, d.premolar and molar chewing food. • Deciduous teeth (baby teeth) will replace with permanent • Composition of teeth such as. pulp (gelatin, blood vessels & nerves), dentin, enamel and cementum.

  19. DENTES • animal I C PM M • horse 2X (3/3 1/1 3-4/3 3/3) = 40/42 • bovine 2X (0/4 0/0 3/3 3/3) = 32 • pig 2X (3/3 1/1 4/4 3/3) = 44 • dog 2X (3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3) = 42 • cat 2X (3/3 1/1 3/2 1/1) = 30

  20. TEETH (dentes) dentin enamel cementum Pulp cavity

  21. TEETH HORSE

  22. TEETH DOG Teeth no 4 term as carnassial

  23. TEETH DOG Carnissial teeth

  24. PHARYNX & palatum molle • In the crossing of digestive system with respiratory system.

  25. PHARYNX • Have 7 opening: * ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae ( 2 ) * isthmus faucium * choanae ( 2 ) * aditus oesophageum * aditus laryngea

  26. ESOPHAGUS • Musculomembranous tube which extends from the pharynx to the stomach, start from cervical till abdomen • Length in HORSE: 125 to 150 cm. • Its in median plane, its course from dorsal larynx and trachea. level VC IV turn to the left trachea, in VC VI parallel and continue ventral trachea, then enters thorax cavity until VT III, the position turn to dorsal trachea, continue caudally parallel and in the left aorta, both of them inthe mediastinum continue between two lung piercing diaphragm ( hiatus esophageal and aorticus), and finally end in the cardia of the ventriculus, at the level costae XIV

  27. Position of esophagus • horse bovine trachea oesophagus

  28. Ø esophagus horse, VC II esophagus trachea

  29. Ø eso vertebrae C IV ( caudal view) • Esophagus at the sinister trachea.

  30. ABDOMINAL CAVITY • The biggest cavity. Separate from thorax cavity by diaphragm. Continue caudally as pelvis cavity. • Dorsal border : muscles and vert.lumbal • Lateral border: muscles and fascia abdominal & m iliacus, cartilago costae asternale & diaphragm. • Ventral border: muscles and abdominal aponeurosa & cartilago xyphoid. • Cranial border : diaphragm,

  31. peritoneum • is the thin serous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity & pelvis cavity (PERITONEUM PARIETALIS), and covers to a greater or lesser extent, the viscera contained therein. PERITONEUM VISCERALIS) except kidney (ren). • In the male covers properly the genital. • In the female have 2 holes for tuba Fallopii & uterus, • In several location, make fold such as fold for holding term: mesenteries, omentum, ligaments, etc

  32. VENTRICULUS = GASTER • Is the large dilatation of GIT. Intervenes between esophagus and small intestine. • Digest by mechanic and enzymatic. • Structure has variation depend on their food : Simple stomach: equidae & carnivora Complex stomach : ruminansia Chane stomach : pig has deverticulum ventriculi.

  33. Ventriculus horse • horse : look like J ; Volume 8 – 15 liter • cattle Volume : 115-150 • Hanging by; ligamentum & omentum.

  34. Ventriculus HORSE Saccus cecus ventriculi Margo plicatus Pars cardiaca curvatura minor oesophagus pylorus Pars fundica curvatura major Incisura angularis

  35. VENTRICULUS ruminansia reticulum omasum rumen curvatura dorsal reticulum abomasum curvatura ventral sinister dexter

  36. CALF (baby cattle) • rumen + reticulum have not function, make the milk directly go to the abomasum via sulcus ventriculi. • 8 mgg: volume rumen + reticulum = abomasum. • 12 weeks: r+r = 2 times abomasum

  37. mucous ventriculus • Rumen : the most part thickly sudded with large papillae like “towel”  pilae ruminis • Reticulum: raise into folds like bees house  cellulae reticularis • Omasum : have about hundred longitudinal folds  lamina omasi. • Abomasum : the surface is soft and has a reddish color and is marked by large permanent folds  Plicae abomasi

  38. Ventriculus peralihan 1.pars cardiaca 2.pars fundica 3.pars pylorica deverticulum ventriculi Omentum minus Curvatura minor pylorus 1 3 2 Omentum majus curvatura major

  39. Intestinum horse intestine : Duodenum,Jejunum,Ilium Cecum Coloncrassum: have 4 parts with 3 flexura colon tenuae rectum Duodenum, 1m,like horse shoes, have ductus pancreaticus & choleducus, hanging by mesoduodenum Jejunum,Ilium, hanging bymesenterium, many lymphonodule Cecum, 1.25 m, coma form, blind sac plica cecocolica

  40. Intestinum ruminansia Intestinum :duodenum,jejunum, ilium cecum Colon : coil, ansa proximalis coli ansaspiralis: gyri centripetalis gyri cetrifugalis ansa distalis: gyrus dorsalis gyrus ventralis colon transversum,colon descendens flexura sigmoidea coli rectum

  41. Cecum horse 1. basis ceci 2. corpus ceci 3. apex ceci basis corpus apex cecum

  42. RECTUM • the caudal part of the tube; enters to pelvic cavity before finish in the anus. • Length : 30 cm. • Hanging by: mesorectum.

  43. anus • Terminal part of the alimentary canal. • Situated below the root of tail ( vert cocygea IV) structure sphichter (ring). • It covers externally by skin is thin, hairless and provided with numerous sebaceous & sweat glands. • Diameter lumen 5 cm long, closed except during defecation’ this part under control by m. sphincter ani internus/externus. • M. levator ani protect prolapsus anus during defecation

  44. TRACTUS RESPIRATORIUS Respiration organ function in the Organism for : • Breath (respiration); as osmotic and chemical process, the gasses exchange with their environment. • The gas exchange between oxygen (O2) and Carbondioksida (CO2) (drawn in/ inspiration and expelled/ expiration). Its happen in the lung organ by the oxidative activity (diffusion) in the tissue.

  45. TRACTUS RESPIRATORIUS • Start from: nose (planum nasale), nose cavity (Cavum nasi), pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi until lung (bronchioli and sacculi alveolares). Supporting organs: >Pleura >Skeleton thoracalis (sternum, costae, V.Thoracalis + respiratory muscles) >Diaphragm.

  46. Nasal Cavity 37.Ostium pharyngea tuba auditiva Septum nasi Isthmus faucium cavum pharynx plica vocalis

  47. Os turbinnatum=conchae Conchae nasalis dorsalis Conchae nasalis ventralis

  48. Nasal Cavity HORSE (cross section) 1, septum nasi 33, plexus venosus nasalis 34, meatus nasi ventralis 35, meatus nasi medius. 36, meatus nasi dorsalis

  49. Nasal Cavity CATTLE • os nasal • os turbinata dorsal • os turbinata ventral • Sinus maxillaris • Septum nasi • Vomer • Proc palatinus maxilla • mukosa palatina

  50. Pharynx CATTLE • oesophagus • trachea • arcus palatopharyngeus • cartilago corniculata • aditus laryngis • epiglottis • 13.sinus tonsilaris • 14.radix linguae • 15. papilla vallatae

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