1 / 12

Five Conditions Required to be in Equilibrium

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a framework for understanding how populations evolve by comparing real data with predicted models. This equilibrium state describes populations that are not evolving, where genotype frequencies stay constant across generations. The Hardy-Weinberg equation predicts genotype frequencies based on five conditions required for equilibrium. Real populations rarely meet all conditions, leading to evolution. Genetic drift, gene flow, mutations, sexual selection, and natural selection are factors influencing evolution. This concept highlights the importance of studying how populations evolve and adapt to changing environments.

luciej
Download Presentation

Five Conditions Required to be in Equilibrium

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. KEY CONCEPT Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a framework for understanding how populations evolve.

  2. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: Equilibrium state in which genotype frequencies in a population stay the same from generation to generation • Why is it important: Comparing real data with that predicted by the equilibrium model; framework for testing factors that can lead to evolution

  3. Five Conditions Required to be in Equilibrium 1. very large population: no genetic drift 2. no emigration or immigration; no gene flow 3. no mutations; no new alleles added to gene pool 4. random mating; no sexual selection 5. no natural selection; all traits aid equallyin survival

  4. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes populations that are not evolving. (Nothing for notes here just a recap) • Real populations rarely meet all five conditions. • Real population data iscompared to a model. • Models are used tostudying how populationsevolve.

  5. The Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to predict genotype frequencies in a population. • Hardy-Weinberg equation: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 • What it means: Frequency of dominant homozygotes + frequency of heterozygotes + frequency of recessive homozygous = 1 (or any reminder of meanings of variables or meaning of equations. • How it is used: To predict genotype frequencies of populations in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for simple, dominant-recessive traits

  6. "The Hardy-Weinberg equation is based on Mendelian genetics. It is derived from a simple Punnett square in which p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele." The Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to predict genotype frequencies in a population.

  7. There are five factors that can lead to evolution. 1. Genetic drift changes allele frequencies due to chance alone.

  8. There are five factors that can lead to evolution. 2. Gene flow moves alleles from one population to another.

  9. There are five factors that can lead to evolution. 3. Mutations produce the genetic variation needed for evolution.

  10. There are five factors that can lead to evolution. 4. Sexual selection selects for traits that improve mating success.

  11. There are five factors that can lead to evolution. 5. Natural selection selects for traits advantageous for survival.

  12. Let’s wrap this up… • In nature, populations evolve. (Duh!) • expected in all populations most of the time • respond to changing environments

More Related