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Boron Family

Boron Family. Made by; Ethan Borochaner , Eric Mitchell, Kevin Lee, and Pascal Portney. History and Discovery.

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Boron Family

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  1. Boron Family Made by; Ethan Borochaner, Eric Mitchell, Kevin Lee, and Pascal Portney

  2. History and Discovery • Boron - It comes from the Persian and Arabic words for borax. The compounds were known in ancient times but were isolated in 1808 by Gay-Lussac and Thenard and independently by Sir Humphrey Davy • Aluminum - Named from the Latin Alum, and its existence was proposed by Lavoisier in 1787. Named by Davy in 1807 and isolated by Orsted in 1825.

  3. History and Discovery • Gallium - originally predicted by Mendeleev in 1871. It was isolated from Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 and named after Gallia, Latin for France. • Thallium - discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1861. It was identified by its positive bright green line in the spectrum like its Greek name Thallios for green twig. • Indium - named from Latin Indicum for indigo and discovered by Reich and Richterin in 1863.

  4. Common Applications • Indium • The first large-scale application for Indium was as a coating for bearing in high-performance aircraft engines during World War II. • Gallium • Since gallium wets glass or porcelain, Gallium can be used to create brilliant mirrors • Gallium is used in some high temperature thermometers • Gallium Nitrate is used in some treatments for arthritis

  5. Common Applications • Aluminum • important in virtually all segments of the world economy • nearly all modern mirrors are made using a thin coating of Aluminum • commonly used silvering agent in paint • Thallium • there are no uses for metallic Thallium because when mixed with some other substances, it creates a powdery black substance • was once used as a rat and ant poison

  6. Common Applications • Boron • Boron is an essential plant micronutrient, playing a key role in plant fertilization; also in the building of cell wall structures • Boric Acid also traditionally used as an insecticide • Borax is sometimes found in laundry detergent

  7. Common Reactions Boron Gallium Aluminum Thallium Indium

  8. Aluminum Reaction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6bBs2D0cpA&feature=related

  9. Physical Properties Boron Melting Point: 2348 K Boiling Point: 4273 K Density: 2.37 grams per cubic centimeter Electronegativity: 2.04 Atomic Radius: 85 Aluminum Melting Point: 933.437 K Boiling Point: 2792 K Density: 2.70 grams per cubic centimeter Electronegativity: 1.61 Atomic Radius: 125

  10. Physical Properties Gallium Melting Point: 302.91 K Boiling Point: 2477 K Density: 5.91 grams per cubic centimeter Electronegativity: 1.81 Atomic Radius: 135 Indium Melting Point: 429.75 K Boiling Point: 2345 K Density: 7.31 grams per cubic centimeter Electronegativity: 1.78 Atomic Radius: 155

  11. Physical Properties Thallium Melting Point: 577 K Boiling Point: 1746 K Density: 11.8 grams per cubic centimeter Electronegativity: 1.83 Atomic Radius: 190

  12. Patterns Among Properties For the Boron family • The ionization energy decreases as you go down the group. • Valence electrons: 3 electrons in their outer level • The density increases as you go down the group • The Atomic Radius increases as you go down the group • The Melting points for the elements have no pattern, yet the boiling points decrease as you go down the Boron Family

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