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THE IDENTIFICATION OF LANDMARKS FOR WAYFINDING IN AN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

Faculty of sciences. THE IDENTIFICATION OF LANDMARKS FOR WAYFINDING IN AN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT. Pepijn Viaene, Ann Vanclooster, Philippe De Maeyer. Pepijn.Viaene@UGent.be. LANDMARK. FEATURES Persistent Informative Salient. OBJECT/PLACE. Prominent Identifiable Memorable. Visual

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THE IDENTIFICATION OF LANDMARKS FOR WAYFINDING IN AN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

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  1. Faculty of sciences THE IDENTIFICATION OF LANDMARKS FOR WAYFINDING IN AN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT Pepijn Viaene, Ann Vanclooster, Philippe De Maeyer Pepijn.Viaene@UGent.be

  2. LANDMARK • FEATURES • Persistent • Informative • Salient OBJECT/PLACE • Prominent • Identifiable • Memorable • Visual • Semantic • Structural • WAYFINDING • Orientationpoint • Checkpoint • Cognitive model of the environment INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  3. OBJECTIVES • INDOOR = OUTDOOR ? • Hypothesis 1: Landmarks are primarily used as orientation point and to a lesser extent as checkpoints. • Hypothesis 2: The landmark-theory (Sorrows & Hirtle, 1999) is applicable indoor as well. • Hypothesis 3: Individualcharacteristics of the test person have an impact on the selection of landmarks. • Indoor navigation systems using landmark-based route instructions • How are landmarks described? INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  4. METHODS • Concurrent Thinking Aloud (TA) • Experiment • 1. Introduction to TA • 2. Completion 1 of the route: following (TA) • 3. Completion 2 of the route: independant (TA) • 4. Questionnaire location and identification description INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  5. METHODS LOCATION ANALYSIS 22 verbal protocol WORD ANALYSIS transcription SENTENCE ANALYSIS • 11 test persons • 3 groups • Experts • Geographical Information (GI) • Novices • Gender INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  6. RESULTS • Hypothesis 1: Landmarks are primarily used as orientation point and to a lesser extent as checkpoints. • Outdoor research: • View-action-couple • (possible) changes in direction • ≤ 50 % = checkpoint INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  7. LOCATION ANALYSIS Noticedby … men women men andwomen everybody INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  8. RESULTS • Hypothesis 2: The landmark-theory (Sorrows & Hirtle, 1999) is applicable indoor as well. • Outdoor research: “structural landmarks” “object landmarks” INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  9. WORD ANALYSIS • Visual features • Material • Age • Presence • Colours • Closets (objects) • Structural features • Stairs • Floors • Large open spaces • Semantic features • VTK INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  10. SENTENCE ANALYSIS • Semantic component: 23 % • Odours, sounds, temperature ? • Persistence ? INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  11. SENTENCE ANALYSIS INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  12. RESULTS • Hypothesis 3: Individualcharacteristics of the test person have an impact on the selection of landmarks. • Outdoor research: GENDER FAMILIARITY WITH ENVIRONMENT FAMILIARITY WITH GI (Caduff& Timpf, 2008) INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  13. WORD ANALYSIS • Familiaritywith the enviroment • Lessadditional information • Signs • Details: coloursandmaterials (?) • Gender • Womenrefer more tocoloursandmaterial • GI • Use of signs (?) INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  14. SENTENCE ANALYSIS • Familiarity with the environment INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  15. SENTENCE ANALYSIS • Familiarity with the environment INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  16. SENTENCE ANALYSIS • Gender • GI • Very limited or even no influence • Preference for maps INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  17. CONCLUSION • Hypothesis 1: Landmarks function primarily as orientation points • Hypothesis 2: • Landmark theory is not refuted • Further research: odours, sound, temperature • Hypothesis 3: Individualcharacteristics of the test person have an impact on the selectionof landmarks. • Familiarity with the environment facilitates navigation and wayfinding • Gender: same landmarks, colour and material • FamiliaritywithGeographical Information: no effect INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

  18. Thankyouforyour attention THE IDENTIFICATION OF LANDMARKS FOR WAYFINDING IN AN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT INDOOR 3D - CAPE TOWN

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