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Meiosis and genetic variation

Meiosis and genetic variation. Genome. Genome : Complete complement of an organism’s DNA. Includes genes (control traits) and non-coding DNA organized in chromosomes. Genes. Eukaryotic DNA is organized in chromosomes. Genes have specific places on chromosomes. Heredity.

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Meiosis and genetic variation

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  1. Meiosis and genetic variation

  2. Genome • Genome: Complete complement of an organism’s DNA. • Includes genes (control traits) and non-coding DNA organized in chromosomes.

  3. Genes • Eukaryotic DNA is organized in chromosomes. • Genes have specific places on chromosomes.

  4. Heredity • Heredity – way of transferring genetic information to offspring • Chromosome theory of heredity: chromosomes carry genes. • Gene – “unit of heredity”.

  5. Reproduction • Asexual • Many single-celled organisms reproduce by splitting, budding, parthenogenesis. • Some multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually, produce clones (offspring genetically identical to parent).

  6. Sexual reproduction • Fusion of two gametes to produce a single zygote. • Introduces greater genetic variation, allows genetic recombination. • With exception of self-fertilizing organisms (e.g. some plants), zygote has gametes from two different parents.

  7. Chromosomes • Karyotype: • ordered display of an individual’s chromosomes. • Collection of chromosomes from mitotic cells. • Staining can reveal visible band patterns, gross anomalies.

  8. Karyotyping

  9. Down's Syndrome

  10. I CAN…. • Explain the use of a karyotype • Discover aspects of sexual reproduction

  11. Karyotype Activity http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/disorders/karyotype/karyotype.cfm

  12. Homologues • Chromosomes exist in homologous pairs in diploid cells. Exception: Sex chromosomes (X, Y). Other chromosomes are known as autosomes, they have homologues.

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