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z/VM Module 11: Networking. Objectives . Describe TCP/IP setup in conjunction with z/VM Understand the fundamental concepts of computer networks List and describe the four different protocols of the TCP/IP architecture and their purpose Describe the purpose and function of routing .
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Objectives • Describe TCP/IP setup in conjunction with z/VM • Understand the fundamental concepts of computer networks • List and describe the four different protocols of the TCP/IP architecture and their purpose • Describe the purpose and function of routing
Objectives continued • List the reasons for using a routing table and the major differences between these dynamic routing table formats: • RIP-1 • RIP-2 • OSPF • List and describe the four different types of internet addressing: • Network address format • Broadcast address format • Multicast address format • Subnetwork address format
Objectives continued • Explain the major differences between the fiber connectors ESCON and FICON • Show and describe how a Parallel Sysplex is set up and the enhancements it can provide • Describe the devices and protocols that are available when configuring your network, including: • QDIO (can be configured into guest LANs with z/VM 4.3) • OSA-Express and OSA-2 • HiperSockets (can be configured into guest LANs)
Objectives continued • Describe how VIPA is capable of adding another level of protection against network failures, along with recovery • Discuss the four major commands needed to monitor your TCP/IP network: • NETSTAT • RPCINFO • PING • TRACERTE
Computer Network • Is a group of connected nodes that are used for data communication • Its configuration consists of data processing devices, software, and transmission media that are linked for information interchange • Nodes are the functional units, located at the points of connection among the data circuits • Some of the more common network architectures, or protocols, used today are OSI, TCP/IP, SNA, and ISDN.
Internet Environment • The internet is a logical collection of networks supported by: • Gateways • Routers • Bridges • Hosts • Various layers of protocols • Protocols specify a set of rules and formats required to exchange and transfer packets of information.
Internet Environment continued • Internet – a worldwide network of computer networks • Intranet – a private network, usually used within a closed environment supporting one company • Extranet – a private network that uses the Internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to share part of a company’s business information with outside vendors
Routing: Overview • It is the method by which a host or a gateway decides where to send a datagram. • There are two kinds of routing that are involved in communication within an internet: • Direct routing is used when the source and destination nodes are in the same logical network within an internet. • Indirect routing is used when the source and destination nodes are on different networks within an internet, where source nodes send packets to a gateway or router on the same network using direct routing and the packets are forwarded through intermediate gateways until the destination is reached
Routing: Overview - Terms • Important terms are: • Router • Gateway • Daemon • Network Interface • Network • Subnetwork • FTP • TELNET
Routing Table Management • The most complex task in configuring the TCP/IP network routing is establishing the routing tables. • Static routing requires you to manually configure the routing tables yourself. • With dynamic routing, information is automatically exchanged among various routers in your network, which allows IP address to be found when a new IP host come online. • The more common interior gateway protocols in dynamic routing are: • RIP-1 • RIP-2
OSPF • Open Shortest Path First • OSPF differs from RIP in these ways: • No limitations on the hop count • Intelligent use of VLSM • Uses IP multicast to send link-state updates • Better convergence • Better load balancing • Allows for routing authentication
BGP • Border Gateway Protocol is an interautonomous system routing protocol. • The attributes that BGP uses in the route selection process include: • Weight • Local preference • Multi-exit discriminator • Origin • AS_Path • Next hop • Community
Internet Addressing: Broadcast, Multicast, and Subnetwork • TCP/IP uses IP broadcasting to send datagrams to all the TCP/IP host on a network or subnetwork • Multicasting also sends datagrams, but you will only receive the datagrams if the host is signed up to listen for the particular IP multicast address; otherwise it is discarded • The subnetwork capability of TCP/IP divides a single network into multiple logical networks
ESCON(Enterprise System Connectivity) • The high-speed fiber optic architecture first available on ES/9000 and many other peripherals • Originally used LEDs and worked at 10MBps over 3 km stretches • A laser version announced in 1991 is capable of working at greater distances • Was replaced by FICON in 1998, though still available
Parallel Sysplex Cluster Technology • The zSeries Parallel Sysplex cluster contains innovative multi-system data sharing technology. • This allows direct, concurrent read/write access to shared data from all processing modes in the configuration without sacrificing performance or data integrity. • The Parallel Sysplex manages this multi-system environment, providing these benefits: • Continuous availability • Dynamic workload balancing • Application compatibility
Parallel Sysplex Cluster Technology continued • Within a Parallel Sysplex cluster it is possible to construct a parallel processing environment with no single point of failure. • The features of the Parallel Sysplex solution that contribute to increased availability and also help eliminate some system management tasks are: • Workload manager • Sysplex failure manager • Automatic restart manager • Cloning
OSA-2 • An integrated hardware feature that allows a zSeries 900 to provide industry-standard connectivity directly to clients on local area networks. • The clients on the attached LAN can use the TCP/IP or the SNA/APPN protocol, or both. • Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and ATM LAN attachment to the z900 is supported by OSA-Express, but not by OSA-2.
What Are HiperSockets and What Benefits Do They Provide? • They provide very fast TCP/IP communications between servers running in different LPARs on a zSeries CEC. • HiperSockets uses internal Queued Input/Output (iQDIO) at memory speeds to pass traffic between the virtual servers. • Important aspects of HiperSockets include: • They can be used to communicate among consolidated servers in a single processor • They can be customized to accommodate varying traffic sizes • Since there is no server-to-service traffic outside the zSeries CEC, they provide a much higher level of network availability, security, simplicity, performance, and cost effectiveness
HiperSockets Microcode Functions • HiperSockets implementation is based on the OSA-Express QDIO protocol, hence HiperSockets is also called internal iQDIO. • TCP/IP stacks are addressed by inbound data queue addresses instead of MAC addresses. • The microcode maintains a lookup table of IP addresses for each HiperSockets. • The controlling operating system that performs I/O processing is identical to OSA-Express in QDIO mode.
z/VM’s Virtual Switch • z./VM Virtual Switch is an extension of the Guest LAN simulated networking function. • VSWITCH operates almost exactly the same as a z/VM 4.3 QDIO Guest LAN, with two important exceptions: • Direct external network access via OSA Express • IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Support
Network Consolidation Using the Virtual Switch • A Virtual Switch is capable of bridging a z/VM Guest LAN to an associated real LAN connected by an OSA-Express adapter. • Virtual Switch operates as part of the z/VM CP and is not a separate guest machine. • Virtual Switch support is also used to manage the z/VM VLAN environment.
