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Connective tissue

4 Basic Types of Tissues. Connective tissue. Muscular tissue. Epithelial tissue. Nervous tissue. Epithelial Tissue (The epithelium). General features of epithelium. Closely aggregated cells Very little intercellular substances Regular shaped cells bind together by junctional complexes

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Connective tissue

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  1. 4 Basic Types of Tissues Connective tissue Muscular tissue Epithelial tissue Nervous tissue

  2. Epithelial Tissue (The epithelium)

  3. General features of epithelium • Closely aggregated cells • Very little intercellular substances • Regular shaped cells bind together by junctional complexes • Basal lamina (basement membrane) • Avascular • Rich in nerve supply • High renewal rate

  4. Classification of epithelium -Covering and lining epithelium -Glandular (secretory) epithelium

  5. Classification of covering &lining epithelium Number of layers Shape of cells • Squamous • Cuboidal • Columnar • Simple • Stratified

  6. 1- Simple Squamous Epithelium LM: Surface view

  7. Simple Squamous Epithelium(Bowman’s capsule- kidney) LM: Side view Function: Filtration of blood

  8. Simple Squamous Epithelium(Lung alveoli) Function: gas exchange

  9. 2- Simple cuboidal Epithelium Site:Thyroid gland- kidney tubules (ion exchange)

  10. 3- Simple Columnar Epithelium • Types: • a. Non ciliated • b. Ciliated

  11. a. Simple columnar epithelium(non ciliated) LM Sites:ducts of glands- digestive tract (secretion or absorption)

  12. b.Simple columnar epithelium ciliated Sites: uterus, oviduct & bronchiole of the lung (movement of luminal contents)

  13. 4- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium False

  14. a- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium non ciliated Sites: Male genital tract – large ducts of glands: (secretion)

  15. b. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated Sites: Nose- Trachea (protection)

  16. 2- Stratified Epithelium What cell is on the top layer? • Stratified sqamous epithelium • Stratified cuboidal epithelium • Stratified columnar epithelium • Transitional epithelium

  17. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  18. Stratified squamous epithelium Non Keratinized Keratinized Oesophagus- vagina skin (Physical protection)

  19. Stratified cuboidal Epithelium (Rare)

  20. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium (Ducts of sweat glands: secretion)

  21. Stratified Columnar Epithelium (Rare) - ciliated: penile urethra - Non ciliated: conjunctiva (protection)

  22. Transitional epithelium (urinary bladder - empty)

  23. Transitional EpitheliumEmpty urinary bladder

  24. Transitional EpitheliumFull urinary bladder

  25. Transitional epithelium

  26. Transitional epithelium Adaptation ofTransitional epithelium to its function: • Thin corrugated basement membrane • Abundant mucoid intercellular substance to allow gliding of cells on each other. • Cuticular border at the free surface.

  27. Glandular Epithelium Origin differentiation

  28. Types of glandular epithelium It is classified according to: 1- Number of cells 2- Presence or absence of a duct system 3- Mode of secretion (mechanism) 4- Nature of secretion 5- Shape of the secretory portion

  29. 1-Number of cells Unicellular(goblet cell) Multicellular (Salivary glands)

  30. Goblet cellsEM

  31. 2-Mechanism (Mode) of Glandular secretions a. Merocrine glands • The secretions are released through exocytosis Pancreas

  32. b. Apocrine glands • The secretion involves the loss of both product and apical cytoplasm Mammary glands

  33. c. Holocrine gland • The secretion destroys the cell Sebaceous glands

  34. 3- Presence or absence of a duct systemExocrine Endocrine mixed

  35. Mode of secretion (apocrine)

  36. 4- Nature of Glandular secretions • Serous glands:parotid gland • Mucous glands: sublingual gland • Mixed glands: submandibular gland • Glands with special secretion: • sebaceous gland (oily secretion)

  37. - o 5- The shape of secretory portion

  38. Classification of Tubular Glandssimple: unbranched duct Intestinal glands Sweat glands Fundic glands

  39. Classification of Alveolar Glands Sebaceous glands Tarsal glands

  40. Classification of Compound Glands Compound: branched duct branched secretory portion Liver mammary glands salivary glands

  41. Special types of epithelium 1-Neuroepithelium (Taste buds: dorsal surface of the tongue)

  42. 2. Germinal epithelium Testis: sperm Ovary: ovum

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