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thinking about learning and memory

thinking about learning and memory. Memory? Types of memory, CNS regions, memory impairments Learning? Models for learning. Memory Processing. if attended. Short-term Memory (STM) Limited capacity (7 items) can use chunking Brief duration

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thinking about learning and memory

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  1. thinking about learning and memory • Memory? • Types of memory, CNS regions, memory impairments • Learning? • Models for learning

  2. Memory Processing if attended

  3. Short-term Memory (STM) • Limited capacity (7 items) • can use chunking • Brief duration • Can be lost without rehearsal or with interference

  4. Memory Processing if attended

  5. Short-term Memory (STM) • Limited capacity (7 items) • can use chunking • Brief duration • can be lost without rehearsal or with interference • Long-term Memory (LTM) • more permanent storage • Consolidation - Process by which rehearsal of information in STM results in transfer to LTM

  6. Memory Processing retrieval if attended

  7. Amnesia • Amnesia refers to a failure to remember • Anterograde amnesia - difficulty in forming new memories for events that occur after a brain trauma • Retrograde amnesia - inability to recall events that occurred prior to a trauma • Amnesia can be temporary or permanent

  8. Hippocampal Damage and Amnesia • Severe anterograde amnesia follows bilateral damage to the hippocampus

  9. H.M. • Surgery – 1953 for debilitating epilepsy • bilateral removal of hippocampus • consequences: • severe anterograde amnesia • short-term memory intact • long term memory prior to surgery intact • motor memories intact • medial temporal amnesia

  10. Memory Processes • Declarative memory: memories available as facts, events, or specific stimuli • Nondeclarative memory: stimulus-response and motor memories that control behaviors at an unconscious level

  11. Hippocampal dependent

  12. these can be true or false

  13. Other CNS regions important for memory • Prefrontal Cortex- • memory deficits – planning, sequence of events • Cerebellum • motor memories

  14. amygdala • part of the limbic system; emotional memories

  15. some other ways that memory can be affected • Alzheimers disease • Hippocampus has many cholinergic neurons • basal forebrain – area specifically affected by AD • Korsakoff’s syndrome

  16. some other ways that memory can be affected • Korsakoff’s syndrome • severe anterograde amnesia with elements of confabulation • consequence of chronic alcohol abuse • lesions in a number of brain structures including

  17. some other ways that memory can be affected • ECS – electroconvulsive shock • State dependent memories (and state dependent learning)

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