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NUA Notebook Topic The Nature of Matter Chapter 2

NUA Notebook Topic The Nature of Matter Chapter 2. Image by Riedell. Do Now What three subatomic particles make up atoms? What are the two main types of chemical bonds?. Atoms/ions important for living things. Used to make bigger molecules (covalent bonds).

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NUA Notebook Topic The Nature of Matter Chapter 2

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  1. NUA Notebook TopicThe Nature of Matter Chapter 2 Image by Riedell Do Now What three subatomic particles make up atoms? What are the two main types of chemical bonds?

  2. Atoms/ions important for living things Used to make bigger molecules (covalent bonds) Ions = electrically charged atoms (ionic bonds) Carbon - C • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ Sodium – Na+ Oxygen - O Chloride – Cl- Hydrogen - H Potassium – K+ Nitrogen - N Calcium – Ca++ Sulfur - S Hydrogen – H+ Phosphorus - P

  3. NUMBERS Atoms differ in __________ of _______, ________,& _______ PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS Image from: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm

  4. ReviewIn your NUA notebook create a diagram of an oxygen and Nitrogen atom(use periodic table in textbook). Label the location of the protons, neutron and electron. Give me the atomic number and mass number. Example on next slide

  5. Carbon Atom Remember the first orbit can only have 2 electron. The second orbit can only have 8 electrons. Electrons Atomic Number 6 Mass Number 6 neutrons + 6 protons=12 Nucleus 6 protons 6 neutrons

  6. JOIN ATOMS CAN ______TOGETHER TO _____________________ MAKE MOLECULES Ex: Joining 2 HYDROGENatoms with 1 OXYGEN atom makes one ______ molecule. WATER what kind chemical formula A _______________ tells _________ of and __________ atoms are in a molecule EX: ________ how many H2O http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.html

  7. _________ is the most important atom found in living things CARBON four It can join to _______ other atoms at same time It can form ______ or _____ so it can make lots of different kinds of molecules. chains rings Images from: http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/chemhydrocarbon.htm

  8. Properties of water slides

  9. Hydrogen Ions (H+) http://www.guardiantrader.com/images/ph_scale.gif H+ The number of ____ ions determines how _______ a solution will be. The number of OH- ions determines how basic a solution will be acidic More H+=more acidic More OH- = basic

  10. VERY, VERY LARGE MOLECULES = ____________________ MACROMOLECULES EXAMPLE: Insulin = C254 H377 N65 O76 S6 Image from: http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/tutorials/chemistry/page2.html

  11. http://www.mrbigler.com/Chem1-C1/topics/vsepr/VSEPR_files/image002.gifhttp://www.mrbigler.com/Chem1-C1/topics/vsepr/VSEPR_files/image002.gif __________ moleculesare found __________ and _____________ atoms ORGANIC in living things contain CARBON http://biologyjunction.com/organic_model_project_bi.htm

  12. “Like dissolves like” HYDROPHILIC ____________________ means “water loving” _________ groups/molecules try to _________ and touch water or ______________ molecules POLAR be near other polar Water makes a great solvent in living things because so many molecules found in living things are polar or have a charge. http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

  13. http://egullet.com/imgs/egci/nonstocksauce/nons1.JPG “Like dissolves like” HYDROPHOBIC _________________ means “water fearing” ___________ groups/molecules try to _________ other __________ molecules and __________ ________ molecules NON-polar be near NON-polar polar away from Oil based paints dissolve in solvents such as turpentine . . . not water.

  14. http://mchi.mcallenisd.org/mchi/site/hosting/ipc/ipc/ipcch23htm/ipcch23sec2.htmhttp://mchi.mcallenisd.org/mchi/site/hosting/ipc/ipc/ipcch23htm/ipcch23sec2.htm “Like dissolves like” SOAP ______ works because it has a _____________ that dissolves _______ and a __________ that dissolves in _____ to wash away oily dirt. grease NON-polar end Polar end water

  15. A chemical equation tells what happens in a chemical reaction when molecules interact. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H20 _______________ ________________ Molecules that react Molecules that are produced → REACTANTS PRODUCTS Image by RIedell

  16. REMEMBER:ALL the chemical reactions that happen in cells = _____________ METABOLISM join Chemical reactions can _____ molecules together. Chemical reactions can ______ molecules apart. break

  17. One way to join molecules to make a bigger molecule is by ________ a _______ molecule to make a bond. = ____________________ reaction removing WATER dehydration synthesis See an animation http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

  18. POLYMERIZATION _________________ is a ________________ reaction in whichmany _____________ thatare ________ join to make a bigger molecule These small units arecalled ______________ The big molecule theymake is called a _____________ kind of synthesis small subunits similar MONOMERS POLYMER Image by RIedell

  19. WATER is important for all living things Average person ~~ 60-70% water Babies ~~ 78% Human brain ~~90% Image from: http://sjr.state.fl.us/programs/outreach/pubs/irl_update/images/water_glass.jpg

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