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Rural Traditional Heritage – a tool for sustainability (RUTH)

Rural Traditional Heritage – a tool for sustainability (RUTH). Building a traditional wooden fence. annika.michelson@hamk.fi. Tied fences. long-run fences used further from the farm ( pitkäjuoksuisia, juoksuaita, panenta- aita, pinta-aita, suollosaita, suoltoaita, särentäaita )

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Rural Traditional Heritage – a tool for sustainability (RUTH)

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  1. Rural Traditional Heritage – a tool for sustainability (RUTH) Building a traditional wooden fence annika.michelson@hamk.fi

  2. Tied fences • long-run fences used further from the farm (pitkäjuoksuisia, juoksuaita, panenta-aita, pinta-aita, suollosaita, suoltoaita, särentäaita) • short-run fences were concidered more valuable and used close to main house on places visable in the landscape (lyhytjuoksuisia, pisteaita, pystyaita, pystöaita). • short aged fences were the horisontal fences (rehto- lape-, lappu-, lama-, orsi-, johdeaita) (Sirelius, 1919)

  3. Type of fences • Grotenfelt mentions the following types or purposes of building fences: • selkäaita (back fence) • väliaita (middle fence) • peltoaita (field fence) • kuja eli tahnua-aitoja (alley fence) • piha-aita (garden fence) • haka-aita (wooden pasture fence) • niittyaita (meadow fence) • raja-aita (border fence) (Sirelius, 1919)

  4. Choosing the right building material Spruce is good building material, but also aspen and alder can be used. On Estonian islands they used traditionally juniper. Poles of oak are very long-lasting.

  5. Which one is best? Young spruce that has grown in shadow suits well for ties. They have less branches and are easier to divide.

  6. Keep ties moist if you have prepare them in advance. In old days the ties were made long time before building and kept in the water in a lake or in a river. You can use fresh spruce as ties as well. Then you should cut them at the same time as you are building.

  7. Dividing the spruce into two parts Start dividing from the top. One hand is holding the material and the other is pulling. If the pulling part gets too narrow – start then to pull with the other part. Use a Knife as a help when you cross where there has been a branch. This work requires concentration and a careful hand.

  8. There are many working positions

  9. Taking the bark off for fast drying

  10. Sharpening the poles Poles were sharpened from 3, 4 or 8 sides. It was said that a man can take a wife first when he can sharpen a thick pole: ”Sitten vasta voi mies vaimon ottaa, kun käden varassa paksun näreisen seipään teroittaa”!

  11. Burning the poles

  12. Dividing the wood

  13. Use of the wedge axe It is important that the spruce for building material has grown straight, at least if you want to divide them. You can also use round wood for building the fences. http://www.logmatic.com/

  14. It is easiest to use the wedge axe if you are two persons. The wood can also be divided by using two axes. If using the wedge axe you should also use several wooden wedges. One put the wedges in while the other uesesthe wedge axe to divide the tree. You should rotate the wood if the tree has been rotating when growing. A straitgh tree mai be divided with a few hit whereas a rotating tree is difficult to divide.

  15. To the left a three that has been growing straight. To the right a three that was divided wrong and nearly beak. Here we try to corrct the diviging by choosing a new place for the axe in the middle of the wood.

  16. Divided wood The wood is most beutiful if diveded by axe. The cutting surface will not look nice if this work is done by a motor saw.

  17. Placing the poles

  18. Warming the ties Ties are made from birch, willow or young spruce. A good fence need three ties: under, middle and upper tie (alavitsa, välivitsa ja yli- eli kurkivitsa).

  19. Placing the first tie

  20. Ties The tie is tied like number 8. Some start with the topfirst, others with thethicker part of the tie.

  21. Ties

  22. Building the fence

  23. Finishing the fence Put a stone under the wood closest to earth to provide it for rottening. One pole is cut shorter than the other. The reason is not anymore known. A swedish man told that the pole closest to the farm should be cutshorter – in this way you always find home by following the directions pointed out by the wooden fences.

  24. Traditional wooden fences

  25. Traditional wooden fences

  26. Sources Jaakkola, Eero. Photos of building a traditional fence. Michelson, Annika. Field work on building tied fence in Kiltsi, Estonia 2006-2007 and in Mustiala 2004-2007. Non published information. Sirelius, U.T. (1919): Suomen kansanomaista kulttuuria I. Otava, Helsinki. p.296-301.

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