INTEGRATED CROP AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TO SUSTAIN UPLAND AGRICULTURE

1. INTEGRATED CROP AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TO SUSTAIN UPLAND AGRICULTURE CIRAD-IAHRI Pilot Activities Wonosari Regency (Central Java) 2002 – 2005 By: Jean Marie Lopez, Kasdi Subagyono, Budi Kartiwa and Hendri Sosiawan Seminar “Stories of Water” Le Méridien Hotel Jakarta – June 19th, 2007 French Embassy Iahri Cirad

2. Pilot activities Frame of intervention • Poverty alleviation • Food security • Upland areas => Rainfed annual food crops, 16.5 Millions Ha in Indonesia, 53% of total annual crop areas => 14.5 Millions of Indonesia agricultural households, 65% of total agricultural households Main goals • To introduce, test and assess innovative agro-technologies regarding soil, water and crop management in upland dry areas with aim at improving crop productions and smallholder incomes • To develop participatory approach and partnership frame between farmers organizations, local NGOs and regional authorities involved in the agricultural development with aim at sustaining and disseminating agro-technologies tested with success.

3. Location of pilot sites in Yogyakarta Province (Java Island) Water constraint is considered by farmers one of the main physical factor limiting crop productions !!! Selopamioro pilot site Bunder and Playen pilot sites

4. Main cropping patterns in Wonosari upland region 1st and 2nd crop cycle 3rd crop cycle

5. Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region => Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops in dry season (3rd cycle)

6. Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region => Importance of rainfall distribution in the time !!! => Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops during dry events (1st and 2nd cycle)

7. Cropping system improvement Integrated and participatory approach in pilot activity implementation Participatory diagnosis => Analysis of farming system => Identification of main constraints and solutions Integrated Survey => Assessment of water availability Water resources management => Feasibility of action identified Rain water harvesting Watering optimization Strong farmer involvement in all phases: action identification, hydraulic structure building and maintenance, collective water management, agro technologies tests => on-field research) Agronomic innovations

8. Indonesian Agroclimate and Hydrologic Research Institute IAHRI => Agro Climatic diagnosis, Water harvesting survey Partnership frame in pilot activity implementation Indonesian Rice Research Institute IRRI => Upland new varieties CIRAD, Scientific and Technical support-management Pilot Activities: Integrated water-soil management & Cropping system improvement BUPATI / Local Authorities => Financial supports Local NGOs => Identification, Implementation, Follow-up, Assessment Dissemination BPTP/BPP/PU => Technical supports Dissemination Farmers Associations/Groups => Identification, Implementation

9. 2 rice cycles instead of 1 Rain water harvesting and rice supplemental irrigation in Bunder catchment Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2003 • Farmer empowerment: collective management of small dams • Set of 3 small dams (80 - 150 m3) • Farmer’s participatory rate for dam building: 40% • 15 Smallholders => about 3,5 ha • Rice yields +30% • Average cost of 1 hydraulic structure: 3.500.000 Rp. Small dam filling-up Small dam and irrigated rice plot

10. Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005 => Dam and on-farm reservoir building Dam building On-farm reservoir building

11. Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005 Automatic Water Level Record to monitor water harvested and irrigations Dam filling-up and water harvested On-farm reservoir filling-up

12. Rain water harvesting operation and crop water supply in Dengkling catchment Main results recorded in 2004-2006 • Water user association creation (P3A) • Regional partnership (BUPATI, PU, BPTP, NGO) • 1 dam (7.000 m3) : IDR 65 Millions • 4 on-farm reservoirs (40 - 60 m3): IDR 3 Millions/unity • Farmer’s participatory rate (dam building): 20% • 2 full rice cycles instead of 1 • 80 smallholders (P3A association) => total area: 28 ha • 2-3 maize cycles instead of 1 or 2 • Average yields of main crops recorded in 2005-2006: Increase and secure crop yields * Nov. – Jan. => Rice; 15,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 3,5 – 4,0 T/ha compared to 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha * Feb. – Apr. => Rice; 12,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha compared to 1,5 – 2,0 T/ha * Feb. - Apr. => Maize corn; 5,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,0 T/ha compared to 1,0 T/ha * Apr. – Jun. => Maize fodder (cattle); 7,5 ha with full irrigation; 7,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 3,5 T/ha * Jul. – Aug. => Maize fodder (cattle); 4,5 ha with full irrigation; 3,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 0,0 T/ha

13. Test of new rice varieties on pilot sites (Bunder and Dengkling) Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2005 => Upland rice with supplemental irrigations • - IR64 : 4,3T/ha - Singkil: 4,6 T/ha • - Ciherang : 5,0 T/ha • Better yields under local ecological conditions: + [10 - 20%]

14. average decreasing of water supply: 225  170 mm =>- 25% Test of drip irrigation x mulch for cash crops Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005 => Drip irrigation system x cover crop residues (rice straw) applied to tobacco crop • Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m2 Main results : • strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation • increasing of crop yield: 4,8  6,0 T/ha = > + 25% • increasing of crop daily income + 35%

15. Test of micro-irrigation x mulch for cash crops Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005 => Drip irrigation system x mulch (rice straw) applied to chilly crop Main results: • average decreasing of water supply : 225  170 mm =>- 25% • strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation • increasing of crop yield: 5,6  7,0 T/ha = > + 25% • increasing of crop daily income: + 20% • Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m2

16. Cost and benefit data of dam and on-farm reservoirs project in Dengkling catchment (at collective level, P3A farmers’ association)

17. Cost and benefit data of Drip Line System (DLS) at individual level (farmer) <= Tobacco price: 800 - 1500 Rp/kg DLS cost : 5.000 - 6.000 Rp / m’ IRR = 28% Break even point reached after 3 years => Chilly price: 1.500 - 6.000 Rp DLS cost: 5.000 - 6.000 Rp /m² IRR = 35 % Break even point after 3 years

18. DISSEMINATION OF APPROACH AND AGRO-TECHNOLOGIES BPTP-Yogyakarta activities in the Primatani national project Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and on-farm reservoir building Dissemination of agro-technologies (Ciherang rice variety, Pioneer maize variety) BPTP-Sumba Timor activities in the Primatani national project Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and channel building Dissemination of some agro-technologies (mulching, Lamuru maize variety) IAHRI-Bogor activities in NTB Experimentation of micro-irrigation system for tobacco crop

19. Thank You Seminar “Stories of Water” Le Méridien Hotel Jakarta – June 19th, 2007 French Embassy Iahri Cirad