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Cell Specialization and Organism Organization

Cell Specialization and Organism Organization. Cell Specialization.

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Cell Specialization and Organism Organization

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  1. Cell Specialization and Organism Organization

  2. Cell Specialization • Multicellular organisms contain a wide range of different cells. Every cell is specialized to perform its function as best as possible. There are many differences between different cells specialized for different functions. Cells may have different shapes, different contents or different numbers of an organelle.

  3. Cell Specialization • In order for a cell to become specialized, a process called Differentiation occurs, where unspecialized cells (called Stem Cells) produce cells with specialized structures.

  4. Cell Specialization • All multicellular organisms contain some form of Stem Cells. These are the cells that divide to replace damaged or old tissue, or new cells for growth.

  5. Cell Specialization • In plants, Stem Cells are found in Meristematic Tissue. New cells are continuously being produced since the plant continues to grow throughout its lifetime.

  6. Cell Specialization • In humans, early embryos consist of Stem Cells that can produce any type of cell. These cells are described as Totipotent. Stem Cells are also found in a few places in adults, but these can only differentiate into a limited number of types of cell and are called Multipotent.

  7. Cell Organization • Cells that work together to perform a particular function are organized into Tissues. • Examples of Tissues include Xylem Tissue, Ciliated Epithelial Tissue and Parenchyma Tissue.

  8. Cell Organization • In animals, Tissues are grouped into four main categories: • Epithelial Tissue - Linings and layers • Connective Tissue - Holding structures together • Muscle Tissue - Actuation of movement • Nervous Tissue - Communication via electrical signals.

  9. Cell Organization • Tissues that work together to perform a larger function are organized into Organs. • Examples include Leaves, the Heart and Kidneys.

  10. Cell Organization • Organs may be further organized into Organ Systems, that carry out an overall function. • For example, the Circulatory System, the Nervous System, and the Reproductive System.

  11. Put the following in order from smallest to largest… • Organs • Cells • Organ Systems • Tissues • Organism

  12. Correct Order: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organism

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