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From the Cell to an Organism

From the Cell to an Organism. AM OC-TOOO P-CEBB. Title Date U3-10. Cell Types. Cells. What is the smallest unit of life?. Cell Types. Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes. bacteria. Animal. Plant. Uni-Cellular. Uni-Cellular or Multi-cellular. Cell Types.

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From the Cell to an Organism

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  1. From the Cell to an Organism AMOC-TOOOP-CEBB

  2. Title Date U3-10

  3. Cell Types

  4. Cells • What is the smallest unit of life? Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes bacteria Animal Plant Uni-Cellular Uni-Cellular or Multi-cellular

  5. Cell Types • Organelles are cell parts that do specific jobs. • Prokaryotes have no nucleus. • What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not? Ven Diagram

  6. Cell Types Ven Diagram Plant Cell Animal Cell

  7. Cell Types • All cells have a phospholipid cell membrane. • All cells have DNA. Eukaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleus. • Cytoplasm is a jelly like material that makes up the inside of the cell.

  8. Basic Cell Parts Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA Nucleus

  9. Organelles • What are cell parts called? • There are 3 important cell systems. • Endomembrane System • Cell Boundaries • Energy Production • The Production Factory • Cell Skins • The Power Factories

  10. Organelles • 1. Production Factory. • What do you think cells produce?

  11. The Production Factory • From DNA to Protein • Nucleus  Ribosome  ER  Golgi  destination • Let’s break it down.

  12. From DNA to Protein • The Nucleus is where the DNA is stored. • Messenger RNA is made from the DNA. • It leaves the nucleus from a pore.

  13. From DNA to Protein • Ribosomes make protein from mRNA.

  14. From DNA to Protein • Ribosomes can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

  15. From DNA to Protein • The ER … • Modifies proteins. • Makes lipids.

  16. From DNA to Protein • Proteins from the ER enter the Golgi apparatus. • The Golgi: • sorts proteins • packages proteins

  17. From DNA to Protein • The Golgi sends proteins to: • the plasma membrane • other organelles • out of the cell

  18. From DNA to Protein • Why would vesicles need to empty outside of the cell? • release hormones • release waste products • release glucose to the blood • maintain cell or organism homeostasis • We will discuss all of this more in detail later.

  19. TO: TO: TO: TO: endoplasmicreticulum nucleus proteinon its way! DNA RNA vesicle vesicle ribosomes TO: protein finishedprotein Golgi apparatus Making Proteins

  20. Organelles • 2. Power Factories. • Why do cells need energy?

  21. Cell Digestion • The lysosome is a vesicle that has digestive enzymes. • digests large food to get glucose

  22. Cell Energy Production Cells Need Energy to do Work. What kind of energy do cells use? Hint: Think molecules. ATP

  23. Cell Energy Production • The mitochondria is an organelle that makes ATP from glucose. Like a little battery! – +

  24. Cell Energy Production All glucose comes from a process called… photosynthesis

  25. Cell Energy Production • The chloroplast is the organelle that performs photosynthesis to make glucose. • Some glucose is stored as starch. Some is used by the mitochondria to make ATP.

  26. Material Storage • Vacuoles are storage organelles • Plant cells have a giant central vacuole for storage and cell support.

  27. Organelles • 3. Cell Skin. • For eating, protection, and support.

  28. Cell Boundaries • The skin of a cell is made of which lipid? • Phospholipids. • The Cell Membrane is the outer skin of all cells. • It is a semi - permeable barrier that lets certain things in and out of the cell.

  29. Cell Boundaries • Cell Membranes are lipid bilayers. • How are phospholipids different than other lipids? hydrophilic hydrophobic hydrophilic

  30. Cell Boundaries • The cell membrane has many membrane proteins stuck in it. • Receptors – flags or tags • Gates – allow things in or out • Enzymes – do reactions

  31. Cell Boundaries • A cell wall provides support and protection to a cell, it is placed over the cell membrane. • Plant Cells • Cellulose

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