Ancient Egypt Brochure

1. Ancient Egypt Brochure By: Makayla Elpers, Jacque Heidorn, Anna Loehr, Juila Russ, Chris Wooldridge, Adam Tuker.

3. Queens andPharaohs King Khabu (2589 B.C.-2586 B.C.) King Khufu (2551 B.C.-2528 B.C.) King Titi (2345 B.C.-2333 B.C.) Queen Hatshepsut (1479 B.C.-1458B.C.) King Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten (1350 B.C.-1334B.C.) Queen Nefertiti (1346 B.C.-1343) King Tutankhamen (1334 B.C.-1325) King Ramesses II (1279 B.C.-1213 B.C.) Cleopatra VII (51 B.C.-47 B.C.)

4. Daily Life:Family time! • The people of ancient Egypt valued and treasured children, and were very blessed to have them. Mostly the mother raised the children, but for some, slaves were there to care for them. • If a couple didn’t have any children, they would pray and beg to the gods. They believed in magic, too. • If they had no children, they could also adopt. • Women and men were realized as equals back then. They could do practically anything the men could do, such as get the same penalties, if they did something wrong. • Younger boys learned to craft from their fathers, who were artisans. While, younger girls worked around the house with their mothers. • Children were supposed to look after their parents when they got older. When they had died, the son would inherit the land, and the daughter would take the home’s goods. If there were no son, the daughter would inherit both. • Some mothers have to take care of their family, but there are jobs for women out there that were available. They can do anything men can do!

5. Daily Life:Ed-ed-ucation! • Back then in ancient Egypt, there was no such thing for girls to go to school. • Some girls were taught at home, usually to read and write. • Families that could afford it, sent their children to school, starting about the age of 7 to learn. • They learned religion, writing, reading, and math.

6. Daily Life: Their Religion • Egyptian religion was based on polytheism, which means the worship of many deities, with an exception of the reign of Akenaton. • The Egyptians have had maybe more than 2000 gods and goddess! Some were even represented as part human or part animal. • The Egyptians have many stories about how the world began. Like one, the world started in darkness. Then the ground rose and the sun god, Re, appeared. He created light, and all things. • The temples were appeared to be a dwelling place for the gods. They had one in each city, built for the god of the city. • The priests had big responsibilities. Their job was to care for the gods and care for their needs.

7. Daily Life:You got to eat! • Back then, cooking as done in clay ovens. As well as open fires. • They used wood as fuel, though they had very little. • There were lots of ways that you could make food, by boiling, stewed, fried, roasted, grilled, or just plain baked. • Most Egyptians even had plates made out of clay, but the wealthier people had plates made of gold, silver, or bronze. • Alcohol was the most popular drink, and bread was in the Egyptian diet. • Wine was produced by the Egyptians. • To make the bread, the women ground the wheat into flour. Then the flour was pounded into to make grain by the men. Sesame seeds, honey, fruit, butter and herds were mixed into the dough to add flavor.

8. Daily Life: Clothes! • The clothes did not change much since the ancient times. • During the Old and Middle kingdom, men usually wore a kilt, or a short skirt for men. Women wore a dress that had straps to hold it up. Wealthier men wore pleated kilts, and older men wore longer kilts. • Kids ran around naked (yeah!) in the summer months, and wore cloaks in the winter months. Noblemen sometimes wore beaded dresses. • In the New Kingdom, what was “in” was for noblemen to sometimes wear a robe over his kilt. Women wore long pleated dresses with shawls. • Most people went barefoot, and wore sandals only when needed, like special occasions.

9. Daily Life:Where they lived • Egyptians homes were made out of dried mud, called an adobe, because there was hardly any wood. • A nobleman’s home, however, was different. It was divided into three parts; a reception area, a hall, and private quarters. The house covered up the windows and doors to keep out bugs, dust, and heat. The floors were made of covered tile, and the walls were decorated wall hangings made of leather. • The poorer people lived in town houses with usually 2 to 3 stories in their homes. • The first story was used for business. While the 2nd and 3rd stories were used for family space. Most people usually slept on the roof in the summer to not get to hot. • The family’s waste was disposed to pits, rivers, and even the streets. • The furniture usually consisted of a stool, boxes to hold the family’s jewelry, chests for clothing, jars made by hand, and oil lamps. And at least one fly catcher!

10. Daily Life: How they had fun! • Egyptians had their own ways for having fun! They liked to go down to the Nile River, to have a relaxing and entertaining time. They fished, boated, swam, hunted, and played boat games. • Richer Egyptians usually entertained themselves by having parties. Singers, dancers, acrobatics, and musicians were there to entertain the guests. • They also had a festival to honor the gods. The important gods had festivals that were held by the priests. Statues of gods were carried through the streets. Nicer, or friendlier gods were held by the people, not the priests.

11. Embalming part I The mummification process has two stages. The first one is called embalming. The embalming process cleans the body for the wrapping. • Step 1: The body is washed with palm wine. • Step 2: The body is rinsed with water from the Nile River. • Step 3: A small cut is made in the left side of the body. • Step 4: The internal organs which are the liver, lungs, small intestines, and large intestines, are removed. • Step 5: The brains are removed. A long hook inserted through the nose will pull the brains out. (The Egyptians did not know what the brain was for, so they removed it.)

12. Embalming Part II • Step 6: The body is covered and stuffed with natron. This is known as the drying stage. • Step 7: Wait forty days for the body to dry. • Step 8: The body will be washed with water from the Nile River. • Step 9: The body is covered with sweet smelling oils. • Step 10: The body is stuffed with dry things, such as sawdust, leaves, and linen. • Step 11: The body is covered with more oils. • Step 12: The internal organs are put into the canopic jars. Now the body is ready for the next stage, wrapping.

13. Wrapping Part I The wrapping has a number of special steps, that must be followed with great care, for if you were being mummified, you must be an extremely important person. • Step 1: The head and neck are wrapped. • Step 2: The fingers and toes are wrapped. • Step 3: The arms and legs are wrapped. • Step 4: The sacred amulets are placed. The Isis knot, and the Plummet. • Step 5: The spells from the book of the dead are read. • Step 6: The arms and legs are tied together. • Step 7: A scroll is placed between the hands of the deceased.  • Step 8: The full body is wrapped. • Step 9: The body is painted with liquid resin as glue.

14. Wrapping Part II • Step 10: A cloth with Osiris painted on it is wrapped around the body. • Step 11: A large cloth is wrapped around the body. • Step 12: Linen stripes are wrapped around the body to hold the cloth in place. • Step 13: The mummy is put in the first coffin. • Step 14: The mummy is put in the second coffin. • Step 15: The funeral is held. • Step 16: The opening of the mouth ceremony is performed. • Step 17: The mummy is put in the sarcophagus. • Step 18: The mummy is put in its final resting place, the tomb.

15. The Great Sphinx Ancient Egypt:The Great Sphinx • The Tuthmosis IV Dream Stele • Between the enormous paws is a stele that records a dream Tuthmosis IV had when he was a prince. He dreamt that he stopped to rest in the shadow of the Sphinx during a hunting expedition in the desert. While asleep, the Sphinx spoke to him, saying that he would become king if he cleared away the sand that all but buried the Sphinx. When he became king, Tuthmosis IV cleared the sand and erected a stele that tells the story of his dream. After the work was completed, a chapel was built next to the Sphinx to venerate this sun god.

16. The great sphinx stele The Tuthmosis IV Dream Stele Between the enormous paws is a stele that records a dream Tuthmosis IV had when he was a prince. He dreamt that he stopped to rest in the shadow of the Sphinx during a hunting expedition in the desert. While asleep, the Sphinx spoke to him, saying that he would become king if he cleared away the sand that all but buried the Sphinx. When he became king, Tuthmosis IV cleared the sand and erected a stele that tells the story of his dream. After the work was completed, a chapel was built next to the Sphinx to venerate this sun god. • The Tuthmosis IV Dream Stele reads: • "Now the statue of the very great Khepri (the Great Sphix) restin in this place, great of fame, sacred of respect, the shade of Ra resting on him. Memphis and every city on its two sides came to him, their arms in adoration to his face, bearing great offerings for his ka. One of these days it happened that price Tuthmosis came travelling at the time of midday. He rested in the shadow of the great god. (Sleep and) dream (took possession of me) at the moment the sun was at zenith. Then he found the majesty of this noble god speaking from his own mouth like a father speaks to his son, and saying, 'Look at me, observe me, my son Tuthmosis. I am your father, Horemakhet-Khepri-Ra-Atum. I shall give to you the kingship (upon the land before the living)... (Behold, my condition is like one in illness), all (my limbs being ruined). The sand of the desert, upon which I used to be, (now) confronts me; and it is in order to cause that you do what is in my heart that I have waited."

18. Khufu The Base of Khufu is13 square acres, 568,500 square feet, or 7 city blocks. The length of each side of the base was originally 754 feet , but is now 745 feet due to the loss of the outer casing stones. The Height of Khufu was Originally 481 feet tall, but now only 449 feet . Khufu was built between c. 2589-2566 B.C. The total weight of Khufu is 6.5 million tons The average weight of individual blocks of stone is2.5 tons, the large blocks used for the ceiling of the King's Chamber weigh as much as 9 tons. Total Blocks of Stone is over 2,300,000 For a number of years the popular belief was that slave labor was used to construct this marvel. Recent theories indicate, however, that rather than slave labor, King Khufu utilized his organizational skills and abilities to pull together the nation of Egypt in the construction of what would become his burial tomb and the largest pyramid known to man. Some historians argue that citizens either worked on the pyramid for wages or in exchange for a waiver of taxes. Regardless of the means by which King Khufu's great pyramid was constructed, there is no denying it's architectural wonder. Khufu managed to do what no other pharaoh accomplished and that is to build a temple and pyramid larger than any other in Egypt.

19. KHUFU’S Parts and Functions

20. Bibliography • www.quizland.com/hiero.mv?english • www.philae.nu/akhet/Housing2.html • www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti • www.touregypt.net/kings.htm • www.eyelid.co.uk • www.touregypt.net/featurestories/bride.net • www.engineeredge.com/catalog/indxphp/cpath/2 • www.kiersti.timenews.net/.../sybols/index.html • www.homeinthebible.net/3.3. clothinghowing.htm • www.hiramtrwt.orguk/makingBreadoventables.htm • Kevin.1pj.org/Egypt/dailylife/dwettings.html • Pringzter104.worldpresss.com • www.professorpage.info/Egypt%20.htm • http://www.pbs.01

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