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Other Theorists. ESP310 – Human Movement Pedagogy 1. Theorists. Why think about or concern ourselves with educational psychology &/or the theories? Basically because they deal generally with intelligence, ie. our ability to know & reason This underpins teaching & learning.
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Other Theorists ESP310 – Human Movement Pedagogy 1
Theorists Why think about or concern ourselves with educational psychology &/or the theories? • Basically because they deal generally with intelligence, ie. our ability to know & reason • This underpins teaching & learning
Howard GardnerTheory of Multiple Intelligences Gardner presents 1 view of intelligence which is widely used in Tasmanian schools. He believes that there are several relatively autonomous human intellectual competencies, which he calls human intelligences. These multiple intelligences: • are fairly independent of each other, and • combine to produce intelligent behaviour.
Howard Gardner There are 8 intelligences: • linguistic • logico-mathematical • musical • spatial • bodily-kinesthetic • naturalist • interpersonal • intrapersonal
Howard Gardner The importance of this theory is that: • it challenges the regular notion of what intelligent behaviour consists of (especially the emphasis placed on literacy & numeracy to the exclusion of other abilities) • assessment needs to look at all intelligences not just linguistic (pen & paper tests)
Howard Gardner How can this theory be used? • To assess suitability for a particular occupation, eg. a person with a highly developed musical intelligence could be a composer. • To assist schools design their curriculum around developing the full range of intelligences in children. (McInerney & McInerney, 1994)
Howard Gardner In Tasmania, at New Norfolk High School, Stephen Fagg uses the ‘Magic Lantern of Learning’ to assist teachers to organise their educational program. It encourages collaboration and efficient use of teacher time. I suggest you get copies of the handouts from Ange in the Office. We will discuss this more in Lesson Planning.
Be Aware of Other Names • Maslow & his hierarchy of needs • Maslow believes that individuals are motivated to engage in behaviour in order to satisfy particular needs that can be thought of as being arranged in a hierarchy - There are lower levels, basic needs, called deficiency needs, and higher levels, growth needs, called meta needs.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • In order of needs to be met: • Physiological needs, eg. hunger, thirst • Safety needs, eg. feeling safe & secure • The need to belong • The need for self-esteem, eg. the need to feel worthwhile and important in the eyes of others • The need for self-actualisation, eg. the need to grow intellectually & spiritually McInerney & McInerney, 1994)
De Bono & his 6 Thinking Hats There are 4 specific uses of the hats: • Creativity enhancer • Control mechanism used to maximise and organise a person’s thoughts • Meeting facilitation tool • Outstanding team productivity/communication tool
De Bono’s Hats • The hats are also used to separate thinking into 6 distinct categories. • Each category is identified with its own “thinking hat” • By mentally wearing & switching “hats”, a person can focus or redirect thoughts, a conversation, etc.
De Bono’s Hats • White Hat – facts, information, knowledge, not opinion • Red Hat – emotion, intuition, feelings • Green Hat – creativity, the possibilities, the alternatives, new ideas • Yellow Hat – values & benefits of ideas, optimism • Black Hat – constraints of & around idea, the devil’s advocate • Blue Hat – summary, conclusion, pulling discussion together, how to get action rolling
Where to From Here? In 3rd Year – Link this theory to a variety of the areas covered in pedagogy, eg. styles of teaching, lesson planning, behaviour management In 4th Year – The theory is linked to curriculum theorists & their teaching methods, learning theories specific to HPE teaching
References • Berk, L. E. (2000). Child development (5th ed.). Needham Heights, Ma.: Allyn & Bacon. • McInerney, D. M., & McInerney, V. (1994). Educational psychology. Sydney, Australia: Prentice Hall.