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Philosophy Theorists. Freud, Adler, Maslow, Erikson. What is Personality?. the quality or state of being a person. : the complex of characteristics that distinguishes an individual. the totality of an individual's behavioral and emotional characteristics. Nature vs. Nurture.
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Philosophy Theorists Freud, Adler, Maslow, Erikson
What is Personality? • the quality or state of being a person. • : the complex of characteristics that distinguishes an individual. • the totality of an individual's behavioral and emotional characteristics.
Sigmund Freud • Known as Father of Psychology • Oldest of 8 children • Father - Discipline • Mother - Nurturer • Born Czechoslovakia • Father blue collar worker • Moved to Vienna when father lost job
Freud Cont… • Studied a patients thoughts (Feelings, not illness) • Studied Neurology • Strong psychological interest • Volumes of writings • Psychoanalytic approach
Freud Famous Work • Iceberg theory • 1st 6 years of childhood are the most important • Nature - 100% instincts • Oedipus complex • ID, EGO, Superego
Iceberg Cont.. • According to Freud there are three levels of consciousness to the mind • Conscious (small) 10% - part of the mind that holds what you are aware of. • Preconscious (small-medium) 10-15% - Regarded as ordinary memory. Not in conscious but can be readily brought to conscious • Unconscious (enormous) 75-80% - Not directly accessible to awareness. “Dump box” for urges, feelings and ideas tied to anxiety.
Iceberg Cont… • Much of Freud’s work on the ID, Ego, Superego comes from this theory. • Believes Information passes easily between conscious and preconscious. • To access truly unconscious information from the mind you need a psychoanalyst.
ID, EGO, SuperEgo • ID - Pleasure seeking 100%. You are here to serve me. Ex: An infant or young child mentality. • EGO - Reality somewhere between the Id and Superego. May be one sided more than others. • SuperEgo - The giving altruistic person. Always moral, law abiding. • Altruistic - unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others.
Oedipus Complex • Believes we all end up married to someone exactly like mother or father. • At some point in an infant/toddlers life they will desire to possess parent of opposite sex and dispose of parent of same sex. • Between ages 3-5 • Becomes a repressed feeling in the unconscious.
Freud’s Stages of Development • Believes we are all pleasure seeking individuals. Focus’ on that for each stage • Oral stage - (0-2yrs) centered around the sensitive area of mouth. Communication develops • Anal stage - (2-3yrs) potty training • Phallic stage - (3-5yrs) start to realize gender differences ex: oedious complex • Latency - (6-12yrs) play with same sex ignore opposite. • Genital - (12yrs - ) puberty
Defense Mechanisms • Freud believes they come about when the EGO can not deal with the demands put on it. Three types of anxiety • Neurotic Anxiety • Reality Anxiety • Moral Anxiety • Types of Defense Mechanisms - Denial, Repression, Regression, Suppression, Sublimation, Displacement.
Dream Interpretation • Freud begins to analyze dreams in order to understand aspects of personality as they relate to pathology. • He believes that nothing you do occurs by chance • every action and thought is motivated by your unconscious