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Homo habilis

Homo habilis. Homo sapiens. Homo erectus. Migrated from one place to the other. Domesticated animals and settled permanently (protection/help). Leaders emerge. Systems of writing were invented. Infrastructures were made. What did man do/ create?. How would you define civilization?.

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Homo habilis

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  1. Homo habilis Homosapiens Homoerectus

  2. Migrated from one place to the other

  3. Domesticated animals and settled permanently (protection/help)

  4. Leaders emerge

  5. Systems of writing were invented

  6. Infrastructures were made

  7. What did man do/ create? How would you define civilization?

  8. Civilization • a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.

  9. Requirements • Advanced cities-a city is a center of trade for a larger area.

  10. Specialized workers-workers with skills in a specific type of work

  11. Complex institutions - long-lasting pattern of organization in a community

  12. Record keeping - as government, religion, and the economy became more complex and structured, people recognized the need to keep records.

  13. Advanced technical skills- - new tools and techniques created to solve problems that emerge when large groups of people live together.

  14. What are the different Ancient river-valley civilizations? • Mesopotamia • Nile • Indus • Early Chinese Let’s Recall

  15. Lesson Objectives 1. Define civilization; 2. Explain how early civilizations were formed; 3. Enumerate the contributions of the two prominent African communities using a chart 4. Make a creative presentation (Transfer Task)

  16. ENDURING UNDERSTANDING • The study of the continuum of human civilization reveals the ideals, beliefs, values, and institutions of its people.

  17. Early African Kingdoms & Empires Lesson 1.4 Ancient Civilizations

  18. African empires • North African empires • Kingdom of Kush • Kingdom of Axum • West African empires • Ghana empire • Mali empire • Songhai empire

  19. Dyad Activity • Task To listen to the video clip and list down important notes about the different African civilizatons ( geography, resources, leaders with accomplishements, downfall) The information listed will be very useful in the next activity.

  20. Pre-Historic Africa

  21. North African Kingdoms

  22. Kingdom of Kush( 750 BCE – 150 CE) Nubia[modern-day Sudan]

  23. The Emergence of Civilization • The Land • 5,000 miles long • Sahara is the great divide • Kush • Agriculture may have first appeared in Nubia rather than the lower Nile valley • Perhaps the site of the first true African kingdom • Nubia became an Egyptian tributary • Disintegration of the Egyptian New Kingdom (end of second millennium B.C.E.) resulted in the independent state of Kush • Kush became a major trading state • Little known about the society of Kush • Seems to have been widespread material prosperity

  24. Kingdom of Kush • Located south of Egypt • Became subjects of Egypt • Became the 25th dynasty of the pharaohs of Egypt

  25. Pyramids of Kush at Meroë

  26. Pyramids of Kush at Meroë

  27. Kingdom of Kush • Carried a lively trade with Arabia, India, Ethiopia

  28. Kushite in Egypt, 23 BCE

  29. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

  30. Stelae, Ezana’s Royal Tomb,Aksum (4c)

  31. Christian Church, Lalibela[Ethiopia]

  32. Christian Church, Lalibela[Ethiopia] Coptic Christian Priest

  33. AXUM’SACHIEVEMENTS Built Stelae Controlled NE African Trade Written Language Terrace Farming Spread Christianity in No. & E. Africa

  34. West African Empires & Civilizations

  35. Ghana Empire

  36. Ghana Empire [4c-11c] Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast

  37. Ghana empire • Developed in the markeplace of gold traders • The king owned all of the gold nuggets, the empire taxed all goods, including salt, gold, entering and leaving Ghana • Almoravids (Muslim group) spread Islam and invaded cities in Ghana not following the religion

  38. Gold-Salt Trade Berbers SALT GOLD

  39. Salt

  40. Mali Empire [13c-15c] SALT GOLD

  41. Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

  42. Timbuktu Rooftop, Mosque

  43. Tuaregs

  44. Marketplace near the Niger River

  45. Mosque in Gao

  46. Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali

  47. Distant Mosque at Djenne, Mali

  48. Sundiata [1210-1260] “Lion Prince”

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