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Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Biology CP

Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Biology CP. Chemical reactions. Some break down substances Some build substances Most need to happen quickly. Starting Chemical Reactions. Activation energy - amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur Enzymes reduce amount needed.

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Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Biology CP

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  1. Enzymes and Chemical ReactionsBiology CP

  2. Chemical reactions • Some break down substances • Some build substances • Most need to happen quickly

  3. Starting Chemical Reactions • Activation energy - amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur • Enzymes reduce amount needed

  4. Enzymes and Heat • Sometimes heat is needed to start a reaction • Too much heat can “denature” enzymes - make them inactive

  5. pH and Enzymes • Can also denature enzymes; cells affected • In organisms pH must be kept in narrow range • Buffers make sure this happens

  6. Enzymes • Very specific; Are not used up or changed • Each type enzyme can catalyze only one chemical reaction • Enzymes are “Catalysts”– changes rate of chemical reaction

  7. Enzymes • Involved in many processes - digestion, respiration, reproduction, movement, cell regulation • Helps maintain “homeostasis”

  8. Enzymes – a “lock and key” or “puzzle” analogy • Substrate = substance that an enzyme works on • Enzyme binds to substrate at “active site” • How they “fit” together depends on structure of enzyme

  9. How enzymes work Example of a substrate = sugar

  10. Two day mini-project: “Cut-outs” of how an enzyme works AND a “denatured” enzyme – due Thursday • 1. Show how a normal enzyme works • 2. Show how a denatured enzyme does NOT work • 3. Draw a small Activation graph • = 1 individual test grade (due by end of class on Thursday)

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