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Understanding STIs: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Learn about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including symptoms, ways of transmission, and effective prevention methods. Understand the importance of testing and treatment for different types of STIs.

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Understanding STIs: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

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  1. Adapted from: Puberty: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections. SexualityandU.ca, 2010

  2. WHAT DOES STI STAND FOR?

  3. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION (STI) • Most STI have no symptoms • A person can have an STI and not know it! Why would having no symptoms increase the risk of getting an STI?

  4. OPTIONAL ACTIVITY: STI TRUE AND FALSE https://www.healthunit.com/uploads/sti-true-and-false-quiz.pdf

  5. HOW CAN SOMEONE GET AN STI? • Vaginal intercourse (the entering of the penis in the vagina) • Anal sex (the entering of the penis, finger or sex toy in the anus) • Oral sex (mouth on genitals) • Transmission from mother to baby in childbirth • Skin to Skin contact (touching of private parts) • Sharing equipment • Bodily fluids (Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk)

  6. SYMPTOMS OF AN STI CAN INCLUDE: Female  • Increased vaginal discharge • Vaginal itching • Burning or pain when peeing • Pain during sexual intercourse • Bleeding between menstrual periods • Pain in lower stomach • Lumps, bumps or sores Male  • Watery or cloudy discharge from penis • Burning or itching around tip of penis • Frequent peeing • Testicular pain • Burning pain when peeing • Lumps, bumps or sores

  7. WHAT IS THE ONLY 100 % EFFECTIVE WAY OF PREVENTING STIs AND PREGNANCY? abstinence

  8. WHAT DOES ABSTINENCE MEAN? • Abstinence means not to do something • Sexual abstinence means to abstain from different levels of sexual activity • Possible definitions of sexual abstinence between two people could be: • Avoiding vaginal intercourse • Avoiding vaginal, oral and anal intercourse • Avoiding genital contact

  9. WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF STIs? BACTERIAL PARASITIC VIRAL

  10. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED STIs:BACTERIAL (CURABLE) Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis

  11. CHLAMYDIA What is chlamydia? • Sexually transmitted bacterial infection • Among the most common STIs in the world How do you get chlamydia? • Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex How do you prevent chlamydia? • Condoms can help prevent the spread of chlamydia • Condoms and dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex

  12. CHLAMYDIA What are the symptoms of chlamydia? • Most people have no symptoms • Females are less likely to have symptoms then men How is chlamydia tested? • Testing is done by either swabbing the infected area or with a urine sample How is chlamydia treated? • The infection can usually be cured with a single dose of antibiotics Remember chlamydia is CURABLE!

  13. CHLAMYDIA

  14. GONORRHEA What is gonorrhea? • Sexually transmitted bacterial infection How do you get gonorrhea? • Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex • Can spread from an infected mother to her baby during child birth How do you prevent gonorrhea? • Condoms can help prevent the spread of gonorrhea • Condoms and dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex

  15. GONORRHEA What are the symptoms of gonorrhea? • Both females and males may have no symptoms • Remember, infected people who have no symptoms can still pass along the infection How is gonorrhea tested? • Testing is done by either swabbing the infected area or with a urine sample How is gonorrhea treated? • The infection can usually be cured with a single dose of antibiotics Remember gonorrhea is CURABLE!

  16. GONORRHEA

  17. SYPHILIS What is syphilis? • Sexually transmitted bacterial infection • Very rare STI • Can cause serious damage to the body if not cured, even death How do you get syphilis? • Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex • Can spread from an infected mother to her unborn child How do you prevent syphilis? • Condoms can help prevent the spread of syphilis • Condoms and dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex

  18. SYPHILIS What are the symptoms of syphilis? • Syphilis produces a wide range of symptoms that are often confused with other illnesses • Some people have no symptoms at all How is syphilis tested? • Testing is done by either swabbing the infected area or with a blood test How is syphilis treated? • The infection can usually be cured with a single dose of antibiotics • A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be tested Remember syphilis is CURABLE!

  19. SYPHILIS

  20. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED STIs:PARASITIC (CURABLE) Pubic Lice Scabies Trichomoniasis

  21. PUBIC LICE Caused by tiny wingless insects known as crabs. The lice attach their eggs to the pubic hair and feed on human blood

  22. TRICHOMONIASIS Caused by a parasite that is usually sexually transmitted, but it can survive 24 hours on wet towels and bathing suits

  23. SCABIES Caused by the itch mite. It burrows just under the skin and lays eggs. The scabies mite can live for 2-4 days away from the human body; therefore it can be transmitted without sexual contact.

  24. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A PARASITIC STI • Intense itchiness • Reddish rash • Pain during sex or peeing • Vaginal discharge HOW ARE PARASITIC STIs TREATED? • Shampoo • Lotion • Ointment • Antibiotic

  25. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED STIs:VIRAL (TREATABLE) Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Herpes Hepatitis HIV / AIDS

  26. HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) • Very contagious virus • Some people never get symptoms • HPV is spread through skin to skin contact , oral, anal and vaginal sex with an infected partner • HPV can cause cancer of the cervix in women HOW IS HPV TREATED? • Treatments remove the warts butdo not remove the virus from the blood • Most warts will clear over time • There is no cure for HPV • There is a vaccine available for female students in grade 8

  27. HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)

  28. GENITAL HERPES • Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) • Spread through skin to skin contact and oral, anal and vaginal intercourse • Some people with herpes never develop sores, but are still contagious and may spread it to others without knowing • People who have an initial outbreak can have more outbreaks throughout the rest of their life Remember herpes is not CURABLE it is TREATABLE!

  29. GENITAL HERPES

  30. HEPATITIS • Hepatitis is a virus that affects your liver • It can cause permanent liver disease and cancer of the liver • Hepatitis A & B can be prevented by a vaccine • Vaccine is available to students in grade 7 Remember hepatitis is notCURABLE!

  31. HOW CAN SOMEONE LOWER THEIR CHANCES OF GETTING HEPATITIS B? • Practice safer sex • Do not share instruments used in body-piercing, tattooing or hair removal • Do not share toothbrushes or razors • Get vaccinated

  32. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROM (AIDS)

  33. HIV AND AIDS • HIV is the initial infection • AIDS is the advanced stage of the disease • Over a period of time, the virus attacks and damages the body’s immune and nervous system HOW IS HIV/AIDS SPREAD? • The virus is spread through body fluids • There is no cure for HIV infection • Once infected, you have HIV for life.

  34. WHERE CAN SOMEONE GO FOR STI TESTING AND TREATMENT? Family Doctor Walk-In Clinic Health Unit –STI clinic

  35. STI TESTING Chlamydia and Gonorrhea • Females: swabs of cervical secretions can be taken • Males: swabs of urethral secretions can be taken or urine can be tested Trichomoniasis • Diagnosed by taking a sample of vaginal discharge • The (dead) organism can sometimes be detected on a Pap smear. Genital warts • Diagnosed by visual examination Herpes • Usually diagnosed by sight, and by history • A swab of the lesion can be taken to confirm virus Hepatitis B, C and HIV • Diagnosed by blood tests

  36. ARE YOU EMOTIONALLY READY TO HAVE SEX? WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? Should I have sex?

  37. WHAT DOES SAFER SEX MEAN? • Communicating with your partner • Using protective barriers (condoms, dental dams) • Getting STI testing • Using birth control • Getting vaccinated

  38. QUESTIONS? ONLY HAVE SEX BECAUSE YOU WANT TO ! • Having sex once doesn’t mean you have to have it again • Stay educated • Talk to a parent, teacher, nurse or doctor • Communicate and practice safer sex

  39. THE CLINIC • Located at 50 King St at the corner of King and Ridout by Budweiser Gardens • Birth control clinic, STI clinic and needle exchange • Free testing and treatment of most STIs • Inexpensive birth control and morning after pill

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