Brown vs. Board of Education 1954

1. Brown vs. Board of Education1954

2. Prior To Brown vs. Board of Education • Racial segregation in United States was due to Plessy vs. Ferguson • Plessy vs. Ferguson stated that the doctrine, separate but equal, did not violate the United States Constitution • Therefore, black and white children were forced to attend separate schools in various states

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Educational_separation_in_the_US_prior_to_Brown_Map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Educational_separation_in_the_US_prior_to_Brown_Map.svg

4. Difference Between Black and White Schools • Black and white schools weren’t equal • Black schools had used textbooks, overcrowded classrooms, no gymnasiums, and not enough school supplies • The highest paid black teacher was paid less than the lowest paid white teacher • The school year for the white schools were usually two months longer than black schools

5. Black Overcrowded Elementary School • http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?q=In+Schools+source:life&imgurl=aaf4ab1b5a5ea1e1

6. Non-Crowded White Classroom http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=04526e0ded897f6d&q=white+elementary+schools+source:life&usg=__ OBhgHNKaY9YW9phvgRevZDs3UI=&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhite%2Belementary%2Bschools%2Bsource:life%26hl%3Den

7. No Gymnasium for Black Students http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?q=pictures+of+white+elementary+schools+in+the+1940s&imgurl=10d20654ab3c3546

8. Gymnasium at an all White School http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?q=pictures+of+white+elementary+schools+in+the+1940s&imgurl=635c57907650ad47

9. Linda Brown - Born in 1943, in Topeka, Kansas - In third grade, she attended Monroe Elementary, an all black school - This school was 6 miles away from her house - Only 7 blocks from her house, was Sumner Elementary, an all white school http://www.congressionalgoldmedal.com/images/LindaBrown.jpg

10. District Court • Oliver Brown asked the principle of the white school to admit his daughter, Linda was denied admission • Oliver Brown went to the NAACP, which hired lawyers for Brown’s case • The case was first held in the District Court • Court referred to the case, Plessy vs. Ferguson, and said that the separate black and white schools were equal, so Brown lost the case

11. Supreme Court • Brown and the NAACP appealed to the Supreme Court in 1951 • Case was heard on December 9, 1952 • The lawyers for the Board of Education argued that there was no problem with separate schools • The lawyers for Brown argued that there was no proof that black and white children were different from one another, so separate schools weren’t needed • The case ended on May 17, 1954, in favor of Brown • The vote was 9 to 0

12. Effect of Brown Vs. Board of Education • The case gave a psychological boost to the black struggle • Some schools desegregated peacefully and others did not • The case did not provide a precise time frame for instituting desegregated school systems • Many black teachers lost their jobs • Change was slow until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

13. Linda Brown Today - Linda and her sister, Cheryl, share their Civil Rights experiences at colleges - They founded the BrownFoundation for Educational Equality, Excellence, and Research - The foundation provides scholarships to minority students and encourages the understanding of different cultures http://www.purdue.edu/brown/pages/photos/image3.jpg

14. Conclusion • Oliver Brown died in 1961 • Oliver Brown, and the 12 other parents, changed history • Oliver Brown will live as a legacy for his struggle with the Civil Rights Movement and his attempt to integrate schools