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MINERALS

MINERALS. The Chemistry behind Minerals. Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass. Element – the simplest substance. Cannot be broken down. Examples: carbon, iron, gold, etc…

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MINERALS

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  1. MINERALS

  2. The Chemistry behind Minerals • Matter – anything that takes up space and has mass. • Element – the simplest substance. Cannot be broken down. Examples: carbon, iron, gold, etc… • Atom – smallest part of an element that shares its properties. Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  3. Minerals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTXSwnkieZc

  4. Minerals • Mineral – a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure. YOU MUST KNOW THIS DEFINITION BY HEART! • Inorganic – not from living things in any way. • Crystal – having a definite repeating pattern.

  5. Many minerals come from magma. Most are made up of the 8 most abundant elements in the earth’s crust. • Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium. You need to memorize these!!

  6. How do plants & wild animals get the minerals they need?

  7. Be Creative & Make a Mnemonic for the abundant elements On Statues An Innocent Cat Spits Pink Mice

  8. ENTRANCE TICKET: Turn in on a half sheet of paper DO NOT USE YOUR NOTES!! 1. Define mineral: 2. Name the 8 elements in the Earth’s crust:

  9. Physical properties of minerals 1. Color– External color, Ex: Azurite is always blue AND Streak – the color it “writes” on a hard, rough surface. 2. Luster – the way a mineral reflects light from its surface or the way it shines. ex: metallic, glassy, pearly, silky, and dull.

  10. More physical properties… 3. Density– amount of matter in a given space, it never changes AND Hardness – the ability to resist being scratched. Note the softest and hardest rock on Moh’sscale. Talc=softest & Diamond=hardest. MohsScale Practice Time!! work w/ your face partner to complete ONLY the MOHS MINERAL CHALLENGE

  11. Still more… 4. Crystal shape – the way the atoms come together, primarily six basic shapes. 5. Breakage Pattern: Cleavage– split along smooth, definite surface OR Fracture– split along a rough, jagged surface. Special properties magnetite is magnetic fluorite glows in ultraviolet light halite tastes salty sulfur stinks like rotten eggs calcite fizzes when in contact with an acid Uraniniteis radioactive.

  12. Cleavage and Fracture

  13. Metals/Non-metals • Metals – are shiny and able to conduct heat and electricity. • Non-metals – are dull and cannot conduct heat or electricity.

  14. Valuable Minerals • Gemstone – minerals used for jewelry: diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds. • Amber – from fossilized tree sap but still considered a gemstone. Remember from Jurassic Park… not a true mineral • Pearl – from oysters and mussels, considered a gemstone, not a true mineral • Semi-precious stones – amethyst, zircons, and turquoise… not minerals either 

  15. Mineral Families • Silicates: feldspar and quartz, make glass & ceramics • Carbonates: calcite and dolomite, construction (concrete) • Oxides: hematite and magnetite, contain metallic minerals • Rock Forming Minerals: quartz, feldspar, calcite, and mica • Ore Minerals: pyrite, magnetite, hematite, galena, graphite, and sulfur. • Ores – describes minerals from which metals/non-metals can be removed through smelting in usable amounts.

  16. Table Talk… 1. Name the 5 properties of minerals. 2. How are metals and non-metals different? 3. What was the hardest mineral on Moh’s scale? 4. What does inorganic mean? 5. Name 3 gemstones. 6. What is an ore?

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