Drivers of Wind Power in the World

1. Drivers of Wind Power in theWorld

2. The key drivers of wind energy: Secure & domestic energy supply Environmental sustainability Economics: affordable & low-risk

3. History of wind power in Europe 12th century: First wind mills in Europe, comingfromArabiancountries Rise of Netherlandsisbased on wind energy End of 19th century: 20‘000 wind mills in Germany 200‘000 wind mills in Europe Pioneer in Denmark: Paul la Cour 1891: electricitygenerationfrom wind 1894: hydrogenlightingsystem 1930s: Hermann Honnef proposes 60 MW wind generator 1950s: Ulrich Hüttercreatesscientificbasisfor modern wind turbines 1957: „Mühlengesetz“ promotesdecommisioning of wind mills in Germany 1960s: preliminary stopp of research on wind technology 1970s: oilcrisis – renaissancebegins Wind Power in the World

4. Big industry‘s „Failures“ GROWIAN (MAN - HEW, Schleswag, RWE): 3 MW, erected 1983, decommissioned in 1987 „We need Growian (…), in order to demonstrate that it does not work.“ (Günter Klätte, RWE Board, February 1982) FIAT/ENEL „fail“ with 55 kW turbine: Wind Power in the World

5. Wind Power in the World

6. Wind Power in the World

7. Wind Power in the World

8. Wind Power in the World

9. Wind Power Deployment Worldwide Wind Power in the World

10. Offshore Wind Wind Power in the World

11. Small Wind Wind Power in the World

12. Small Wind Wind Power in the World

13. Electricitygenerated: 500 TWh, ~ Germany‘selectricitydemand Share in global electricitydemand: ~ 3 % Countries with high wind shares: Denmark 28 % Portugal 18 % Spain 16 % Germany 10 % Wind Power in the World

14. China: 2020 targetincreasedfrom 20 GW (2004) to 30 GW (2004/5) maybe to 200 GW 2015: 100 GW (according to 5-year-plan) German Wind Energy Association: 2 % of land areaenough to cover 65 % of Germany‘selectricityneeds (197 GW) Indian Wind Power Association: 20 % of wind electricityby 2020 BUT: Extension of PTC in USA unclear Spain suspendedsupportforrenewableenergy Indiaabolishedaccelerateddepreciation Wind Power in the World

15. The importance of Community Power Studies in Scotland and Germany show significantly higher acceptance of Community Power wind farms: Source: „Does community ownership affect public attitudes to wind energy? A case study from south-west Scotland“, published 2009 Charles R. Warren, Malcolm McFadyen, School of Geography & Geosciences, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom Community Wind Power in theWorld

16. The importance of Community Power Germany: Neighbours of Community Wind Farm have much more positive attitude Source: LOCAL ACCEPTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY – A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTHEAST GERMANY, published 2011 Fabian David Musall* and Onno Kuik, Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam Community Wind Power in theWorld

17. „Wind turbinesyndrome“ Mainlycausedby „annoyance“ about wind farms, as reportedby a studyby Massachusetts Department of EnvironmentalProtection and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health To betackledby best practicesincludingcommunityownership Community Wind Power in theWorld

18. TheCommunity Power successstories: Thepioneer: Denmark: 200‘000 families Germany: 200-300‘000 shareholders Communityprojectsareknown in Australia Canada, USA Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Luxemburg, TheNetherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom Japan Latin America South Africa … Community Wind Power in theWorld

19. Community Wind Power in theWorld

20. WWEA‘sCommunity Power activities: WWEC2008 „Community Power“ in Kingston, Canada led to first FIT legislation in North America WWEC2012 „Community Power – Citizens‘ Power“ in Bonn WorkingGroup on Community Power was established in 2010 withmembersfrom all continents Community Wind Power in theWorld

21. WWEA‘s Definition of Community Power Community Power can be defined by any combination of two of the following three elements: Local stakeholders own the majority or all of a project A local individual or a group of local stakeholders, whether they are farmers, cooperatives, independent power producers, financial institutions, municipalities, schools, etc., own, immediately or eventually, the majority  or all of a project. Voting control rests with the community-based organization A community-based organization made up of local stakeholders has the majority of the voting rights concerning the decisions taken on the project. The majority of social and economic benefits are distributed locally The major part or all of the social and economic benefits are returned to the local community. There is a broad variety of different legal and economic forms of community power. Community Wind Power in theWorld

22. WWEA‘spolicyprinciples • Create level-playing field • Provide investment security • Communities have to benefit directly • Secure efficiency • Provide access for newcomers/IPPs • On national level well-designed feed-in tariffs • allow communities to invest! • Next step: integration of renewable technologies • for 100 % supply Wind Power in the World

23. Thank you very much for your attention! Wind Power in the World