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Promoting social services for Hungarian scattered farm settlements Challenge of the 21th century. 27.04.2012 – Oulu University of Applied Sciences ( School of Health and Social Care ). Mátyás Bódi – Ministry of Rural Development
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Promoting social services for Hungarian scattered farm settlements Challenge of the 21th century 27.04.2012 – Oulu University of Applied Sciences(School of Health and Social Care) MátyásBódi – Ministry of Rural Development National Advisory, Training and Rural Development Institute Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) 81667. Changes – Crises – Reactions (Adaptation of local organizations of social services in peripheral countries in Europe)
„Tanya” • The traditional definition of scattered farm settlements in the Great Plan area since the XVIII. Century. • Farming, living, ecological unity for long centuries… • Unique way of life, but many same can be found amoung other countries • (samples shown later)
„Tanya” Officalboundary of the city
Scatteredsettlementsin Europe The Netherlands
Scatteredsettlementsin Europe Austria – „hütte”
Scatteredsettlementsin Europe England - Yorkshire
Scatteredsettlementsin Europe Finland – Ouluprovince
„Tanya” The Great Plan area of the Carpathian-basin is characterized by this scattered settlement pattern. app. 100.000 km2
„Tanya” Uniqueenvironmentalcondition; National Park reservations Uniqueway of farming, landuse Uniqueway of building methods Uniquesociety, subculture Uniqueway of LIFE!
Short History Premises of the development of tanya network • 1526 – Mohács, final defeat againts Turkish (Ottoman) Empire • 1526-1699, Southern part had been occupied for long decades • Depopulation procces in the Great Plan area – slavery • Political chaos – two rival king, devastation of population and settlements • Constant fight through the XVI-XVII. century
Short History - After recapturing, new settlers were needed in the Great Plan (XVIII. Century) - Annexios of the Habsburg (Austrian) Monarchy – German, catholic population was desirable to settle down. - The Great Plan had been repopulated by Germans, „Slovakians”, Serbians, Croats, and Hungarians (organized population installation process) - New type of cities grew up Core area Attached agricultural land (the birth of latter tanya settlements)
ShortHistory • Fluorish period by the turn of XIX – XXth. century • Unique way of farming -intensive kind of agriculture; smaller 15,20,25 Ha lands, owned by families - fruit, vegetables horticulture + animal breeding (complex farming activity) • Sustainable farming – perfectadaptationtotheenvironmentalcondition, being harmonywiththenature. • Became a landmarksinthe Great Planarea and important part of the Hun garianlandscape – „puszta’ image of Western-European tourist • Home of 1 million farmer bythebeggining of theXX.thcentury. - School program of scatteredsettlements (1926-1931); 3500 newschool, 1500 new house forteacherswerebuiltbythegoverment.
ShortHistory • „Tanya” as a far away farmstead settlement became the synonym of freedom. • During the communist dictatorship and Russian occupation, the governmental plan was to eliminate the „tanya-network” • Forced collectivization, co-op(erazation) in agriculture • Any form of own agro-business was forbidden in the name of common interest • Rapid urbanization process, industrial investments, growing cities… • Building prohibitiontill 1986.
Social problems, environmental conflicts • Aging population • Lack of the most basic social services (school, medi-care, transportation) • Lack of infrastructure (roads, water-pipes, electricity, gas, etc.) • Harshenvironmentalconditions – drought, sandysurface • Lack of public safety BUT! - 100 yearsago, being as a naturalplacetolive, work, study, farming
Tanya atthepresent Agestructure of „tanya” populationin 2001
Tanya atthepresent Level of education; Employmentstructure;
Social-carenetworkforscatteredfarms- tanya caretaker service- • Since August 1990. • More than 200 municipality joined in the Great Plan area! • Most significant duties; • - providing transportation between scattered farms and central cities • - bringing elderly and young people to hospital, school, market, town hall, etc. • - charging old people (bringing food when needed, looking after them) • But pretty much everything; repairing devices, arranging the post, bringing fuel, being the trustee… • Keepintouchwithneedies (old, poorhousholds) • Be on duty for 24 hours, lifestyle, professional calling!!! • A wholeinstituationinoneperson.
Social-carenetworkforscatteredfarms- tanya caretaker service- • Howcanjoin? • 180 lectureinpublinschool • 80 h inpractise (onfield) • Fields of Interest and Training; • Law • Sociology • Socialwork • Regarding; Poeplewithspecialneeds, disabledpeople, ethnicminorites (roma), elderlycare (!), addictions • Communication • Tacklingconflicts, solvingproblems • Workshopsfortheapplicants • - Fieldworkwith a seniorcaretaker
Social-carenetworkforscatteredfarms- tanya caretaker service- Theoretical; 60% InPractise; 40%
Social-carenetworkforscatteredfarms- tanya caretaker service- • Govermental program in 2007-2008; • „Tanya-bus program” • - Applicantsmunicipalities pop. < 5.000 inhab. • Having a budget of more then 8 billion HUF (27 milion EUR) • 1087 newvanswerebought • 93 % of theapplicantsreceivedthebenefit.
Social-carenetworkforscatteredfarms- tanya caretaker service- The main reasonforapplying;
The Future of the Tanya Society • Organicfoodproducing (growingimportance of local food) • Scene of leasureactivity – hospitality • As a touristattraction, restaurants • Renawalenergyusers • Smallsizedfarms, horticulture (likeinthepast) • Sustainableway of life
