Chapter 12 Section 1

1. Chapter 12 Section 1 The Industrial Revolution

2. A Need For Change • Changes in Great Britain led to a greater demand for manufactured goods. • Industrial Revolution – period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production that begin in the mid 1700s.

3. Textile Industry • Textiles – Cloth items • 1769 – Richard Arkwright invents a large spinning machine called a water frame. • The water frame used flowing water as its source of power. • Merchants began to build large textile mills (factories), near rivers and streams. The mills were filled with spinning machines.

4. Slater and His Secrets • Samuel Slater – skilled British mechanic who brought knowledge of textile mills from British to the United States • Slater claimed to Moses Brown he could improve the way textiles were manufactured. • 1793 – production of cotton thread by American machines begins. • 1798 – Slater forms his own company. • Americans began building textile mills. Not popular in the South, due to agriculture.

5. New Machines & Processes • The development of new machines and processes brought the Industrial Revolution to the United States. Who was Samuel Slater, and how did he contribute to the textile industry in the US? He brought the knowledge of mills to the U.S. Why were most American mills located in New England? The region had many rivers & streams

6. A Manufacturing Breakthrough • American gun makers couldn’t produce the muskets quickly enough to please the government. • Technology–tools used to produce items or do work • 1798 – Eli Whitney gave officials a proposal for mass-producing guns for the U.S. government using water-powered machinery. • He also came up with the idea of interchangeable parts (parts of a machine that are identical) • Using interchangeable parts made machines easier to assemble and broken parts easier to replace.

7. A Manufacturing Breakthrough • Whitney promised to build 10,000 muskets in two years. The federal government gave him money to build his factory, and in 1801 Whitney was called to D.C. to give a demonstration. • He stood before President John Adams, and his secretary of war. • He quickly assembled random parts into muskets, several times. • Adams, and the audience, was impressed.

8. Whitney’s Influence • Machines that produced matching parts soon became standard in industry • Mass Production – efficient production or large numbers of identical goods

9. Slow Start in Manufacturing • Because British manufacturers had plenty of factory workers with technical skills, they could produce large amounts of goods less expensively. • During the War of 1812, British ships blockaded eastern seaports, preventing foreign ships from delivering goods. • Americans began buying items they needed from American manufacturers instead of from foreign supplies. Profits GREW!

10. Slow Start in Manufacturing • Banks and Investors began to lend money to manufacturers for their businesses. • IF THE U.S. COULD NOT MEET THEIR NEEDS, IT MIGHT BE WEAK AND OPEN TO ATTACK. • February 1815 – New Yorkers celebrated the end of the War of 1812 and the return of free trade. • Eager businesspeople prepared to lead the U.S. into a period of industrial growth. • They urged northern politicians to pass higher tariffs on foreign goods to protect American companies.