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Explore the Southern Ruins and Reconstruction plans post-Civil War, from Lincoln to the 15th Amendment. Compare Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress's approaches. Dive into the political hurdles faced by Johnson, the Freedmen's Bureau's impact, and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Learn about Johnson's impeachment and the election of 1868 that led to the 15th Amendment granting African-Americans the right to vote.
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Objectives • Explain why a plan was needed for Reconstruction of the South. • Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress. • Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and impeachment.
The Southern Ruins • homes were burned • businesses closed • properties abandoned • freed African Americans lacked full citizenship and the means to make a living Richmond, Virginia
to help the South rejoin the Union • to rebuild the South’s economy • to protect freed African Americans A plan of Reconstructionfor the South was formed.
Moderates- Moderate republicans wanted to keep Confederates out of the Gov’t. Favored giving some African-Americans the right to vote. Moderates
Radical Republicans wanted to give all African-Americans the right to vote. Radicals
Land reform was the key to changing southern society. Plantations must be broken up and distributed to freedmen. Land Reform
Land reform never won wide support. Some believed freedmen could be successful if given civil equality (no Black Codes).
African Americans were freed from slavery, but their rights were not guaranteed. • They did not have full citizenship. • They could not vote. • They did not have access to education.
Lincoln and the Radical Republicansin Congress were at odds in their proposals to rebuild the South.
Violence against African-Americans in the south united republicans. The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help homeless and hungry former slaves. Freedmen’s Bureau
The Freedmen’s Bureau set up schools, hospitals, and helped freedmen find jobs. The Bureau was supposed to expire after 1 year, but the violence extended the life of the agency.
Johnson vetoed a bill to extend the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction • He pardoned any Confederate who swore allegiance to the Union and the Constitution. • Each Southern state needed to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment.
By December 1865, most southern states had met Johnson’s requirements for readmission to the Union. • All southern states instituted black codes. • Many states specifically limited the vote to white men. • Some states sent Confederate officials to Congress. During the required state conventions, however, southern states tried to rebuild their prewar world.
The South’s disregard of Reconstruction efforts angered moderates and Radical Republicans. In response, Congress passed new legislation over President Johnson’s veto. The legislation included • the Civil Rights Act of 1866. • the Fourteenth Amendment. • the division of the South into five military districts.
The first civil rights act in the country. The act declared everyone born in the US was a citizen, but it did not guarantee voting rights. Civil Rights Act of 1866
The republican controlled Congress wrote the provisions of the Act into the 14th Amendment. The act gave equal citizenship to all people born in the US. 14th Amendment
Johnson’s opponents failed by one Senate vote to remove him from office. President Johnson continued to veto and work against congressional legislation. Eventually, the House voted to impeach Johnson.
Republicans nominated war hero Ulysses S. Grant. Democrats nominated NY governor Horatio Seymour Grant won in a close race. Election of 1868
This amendment gave African-Americans the right to vote. Still no vote for women. 15th Amendment
