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Local Drug Use Trends 2011 & What We Can Do

Local Drug Use Trends 2011 & What We Can Do. D. Scott Kelly MA,CAADC,CRPS Co-Founder & Executive Director Bay Area Substance Education Services, Inc. (BASES) 208 W Lincoln, Charlevoix, MI 49720 (231) 547-1144 www.BASESTeenCenter.org scott@basesteencenter.org. Local Trends in 2011.

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Local Drug Use Trends 2011 & What We Can Do

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  1. Local Drug Use Trends 2011& What We Can Do D. Scott Kelly MA,CAADC,CRPS Co-Founder & Executive Director Bay Area Substance Education Services, Inc. (BASES) 208 W Lincoln, Charlevoix, MI 49720 (231) 547-1144 www.BASESTeenCenter.org scott@basesteencenter.org

  2. Local Trends in 2011 After all this time… New and unusual… Called “designer” or “club” drugs 10-20 years ago, now called synthetics Synthetic cannabinoids – round two this year Synthetic stimulants Over the counters, herbals, strange and unusual concoctions • Alcohol still most widely used locally • Marijuana is on the rise • Tobacco is still a concern • Opiates & prescription pills are on the rise • Heroin and needle use on the rise A New Development on Teen Alcohol Use http://www.clickondetroit.com/video/29237120/index.html

  3. Alcohol - 30 Day Use Trends forCharlevoix County Students

  4. Marijuana-30 Day Use Trends for Charlevoix County Students

  5. A Major Reason People Take a Drug is they Like What It Does to Their Brains

  6. Stimulants COCAINE CRACK METHAMPHETAMINE

  7. Types of Stimulant Drugs Cocaine Products • Cocaine Powder (Generally sniffed, injected, smoked on foil) • “Crack” (smoked) • Major areas of use: South America; USA (predominantly major urban centers, disproportionately impacts African American community); Increasing in Europe.

  8. Types of Stimulant Drugs Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS) • Amphetamine “Speed” • Dexamphetamine “Ice” • Methylphenidate “Crank” • Methamphetamine “Yaba” “Shabu”

  9. Methamphetamine vs. Cocaine • Cocaine half-life: 1-2 hours • Methamphetamine half-life: 8-12 hours • Cocaine paranoia: 4 -8 hours following drug cessation • Methamphetamine paranoia: 7-14 days • Methamphetamine psychosis - May require medication/hospitalization and may not be reversible • Neurotoxicity: Appears to be more profound with amphetamine-like substances

  10. According to surveys and estimates by WHO and UNODC, methamphetamine is the most widely used illicit drug in the world except for cannabis. World wide it is estimated there are over 26 million regular users of amphetamine/methamphetamine, as compared to approximately 16 million heroin users and 14 million cocaine users Scope of the Methamphetamine Problem Worldwide

  11. FOOD SEX 200 200 NAc shell 150 150 DA Concentration (% Baseline) 100 100 15 % of Basal DA Output 10 Empty Copulation Frequency 50 Box Feeding 5 0 0 Scr Scr Scr Scr 0 60 120 180 Bas Female 1 Present Female 2 Present Mounts Time (min) Sample Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Intromissions Ejaculations Source: Di Chiara et al. Source: Fiorino and Phillips Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels

  12. Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release 1500 1000 500 0 COCAINE METHAMPHETAMINE Accumbens 400 Accumbens DA 300 DOPAC HVA % of Basal Release % Basal Release 200 100 0 0 1 2 3hr Time After Cocaine Time After Methamphetamine 250 NICOTINE ETHANOL 250 Accumbens Dose (g/kg ip) 200 Accumbens 200 Caudate 0.25 0.5 150 % of Basal Release 1 2.5 % of Basal Release 150 100 0 1 2 3 hr 100 0 0 0 1 2 3 4hr Time After Nicotine Time After Ethanol Source: Shoblock and Sullivan; Di Chiara and Imperato

  13. Prolonged Drug Use Changes the Brain In Fundamental and Long-Lasting Ways

  14. Decreased dopamine transporter binding in METH users resembles that in Parkinson’s Disease patients %ID/cc Control Methamphetamine PD Source: McCann U.D.. et al.,Journal of Neuroscience, 18, pp. 8417-8422, October 15, 1998. .

  15. Their Brains have been Re-Wired by Drug Use Because…

  16. Partial Recovery of Brain Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine (METH) Abuser After Protracted Abstinence 3 0 ml/gm METH Abuser (1 month detox) Normal Control METH Abuser (24 months detox) Source: Volkow, ND et al., Journal of Neuroscience 21, 9414-9418, 2001.

  17. 33 year old man, high on methamphetamine admitted to emergency room complaining of severe headache in Portland Oregon. • X-ray revealed 12, 2 inch nails (6 on each side) in his head, administered with aq nail gun. • The man at first claimed it was an accident, but he later admitted that it was a suicide attempt. The nails were removed, and the man survived without any serious permanent damage. • He was eventually transferred to psychiatric care; he stayed for almost one month under court order but then left against doctors’ orders MSNBC-TV

  18. Long-term effects of stimulants • Strokes, seizures, and headaches • Irritability, restlessness • Depression, anxiety, irritability, anger • Memory loss, confusion, attention problems • Insomnia • Paranoia, auditory hallucinations, panic reactions • Suicidal ideation • Sinus infection • Loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, chronic runny nose, hoarseness • Dry mouth, burned lips • Worn teeth (due to grinding during intoxication) • Problems swallowing • Chest pain, cough, respiratory failure • Disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attack • Gastrointestinal complications (abdominal pain and nausea) • Loss of libido • Malnourishment, weight loss, anorexia • Weakness, fatigue • Tremors • Sweating • Oily skin, complexion

  19. METH Use Leads to Severe Tooth Decay “METH Mouth” Source: The New York Times, June 11, 2005.

  20. MethamphetaminePsychiatric Consequences • Paranoid reactions • Long term memory loss • Depressive reactions • Hallucinations • Psychotic reactions • Panic disorders • Rapid addiction

  21. More on Synthetics… Spice & K2

  22. More on Synthetics… Bath Salts

  23. More on Synthetics… Spice & K2 http://www.slideshare.net/Guedde/spicek2-synthetic-cannabinoids-6988186 Bath Salts http://www.slideshare.net/Guedde/mdpv-bath-salts-emerging-drug-trends

  24. Based on local ER reports… • More and more psychotic features coming into the emergency rooms locally • Believed to be a result of synthetics – cannabinoids and stimulants • Locals are involved in making their own concoctions of these and there is no way of knowing what is in them…

  25. Michigan Economics… • High levels of unemployment locally • Unemployment benefits running out • With the increases in drug use and more bizarre psychiatric responses from these chemicals, there is potential for increases in property crimes and violent crimes • Need to TAKE ACTION NOW in a multitude of ways…

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