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The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems

The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems. Dr. ir. Zofia Lukszo With collaboration with dr. Remco Verzijlbergh Section Energy and Industry Technology, Policy and Management @: Z.Lukszo@tudelft.nl. Content. Why electric mobility? Responsive demand

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The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems

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  1. The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems Dr. ir. Zofia Lukszo With collaboration with dr. Remco Verzijlbergh Section Energy and Industry Technology, Policy and Management @: Z.Lukszo@tudelft.nl

  2. Content • Why electric mobility? • Responsive demand • Are the goals of many actors involved the same? • What about the environment? • Why EVs can be compared to cold storage warehouses? • What can we learn from looking at different price scenario’s? • Future work

  3. Future energy systems Old schedule generation to meet demand New schedule demand to meet generation e.g. electric mobility

  4. Electric mobility How can electric mobility contribute to a more sustainable transportation & electrical power system and on the same time align the interests of its relevant actors? See: Remco Verzijlbergh, The Power of Electric Vehicles, PhD Thesis TU Delft, 2013, http://repository.tudelft.nl/

  5. Why electric mobility - CO2 emission air quality, noise polluttion NO2

  6. Energy usage households +/- 10 kWh

  7. Power sector complex socio-technical system

  8. Standard Household Profile

  9. Estimation of the expected energy usage of EVsData from Mobility Research Netherlands Average: ~34 km ~ 90% < 100km Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, “Mobiliteitsonderzoek Nederland (in Dutch)” Available: www.mobiliteitsonderzoeknederland.nl

  10. Charging scenario's and network loadBased on real life data

  11. Network load:100 houses and 50 EVs Price control Load Control Imbalance Control Separate EV demand profiles

  12. Load flow analysis shows: Electric mobility in a city– city of Utrecht • 10% electric mobility  24% overloaded • Reference case (merely organic growth) •  19% overloaded See E.J. Kleiwegt, Electric Mobility: on the Road to Energy Transition: A technical and actor assessment of social costs of electric mobility, Master Thesis, TU Delft, 2011 http://repository.tudelft.nl/

  13. Example – city of Utrecht Use calculations for critical component map Green/Yellow/ Red locations for installing charging stations

  14. Merit order vs emission – two cases D A

  15. CO2 emissions of EV charging as a function of CO2 price A D

  16. Dispatch profiles for different vehicles scenarios

  17. Charging strategy based on predicted price

  18. Negative price? Conventional, wind and solar power and spot prices for the German system on June 16th 2013.

  19. Responsive demand – cold storage Old schedule generation to meet demand New schedule demand to meet generation e.g. with a cold storage warehouse

  20. Matching renewable energy and demand response through price • System model: • Cold store has PV generation on site • PV production known in advance • Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t) • Temperature upper bound Tmax • Goal: Investigate relations between demand response strategy of a cold store and electricity prices & Evaluate different pricing regimes on optimal energy use

  21. Physical model of cold store Heat balance Incoming heat Outgoing heat Resulting equation for T dynamics Discretized in time

  22. System model • Cold store has PV generation on site • PV production known in advance • Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t) • Temperature upper bound Tmax

  23. Optimization formulation Objective function constraints

  24. Compare cold store with EV optimization problem Optimization problem State dynamics

  25. Price scenarios A: flat tariff B: flat double tariff C: day-night tariff D: APX based real time tariff E: APX based real time tariff, high solar penetration

  26. Comparison • Optimal cooling trajectory depends strongly on tariff structure. • Local use of PV energy depends on tariffs • Most 'value' of control in case with high solar penetration. • The effective use of demand response requires the right tariff structure

  27. New plans

  28. NWO URSES - CaPP Project • Design, Management and Control Systems for multi-modal, detachable decentral sustainable energy systems • Car as Power Plant as a multi-modal system (power, transport, gas/hydrogen, heat) • ICT and business models for CaPP • Detachable decentral = fuel cell cars

  29. NWO URSES – CaPP Project • design, assess and analyse the fuel cell car as power plant (CaPP) in integrated transport and energy systems • investigate and design robust control systems of CaPP-based smart energy systems • explore effective incentive and organizational structures for the emergence of CaPP integrated energy and transport systems

  30. PhD wanted! CaPP

  31. Most urgent question • How to reduce uncertainty for actors in the energy chain by developing the science and tools that are needed for smart energy systems?

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