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Internet and Intranet Fundamentals

Internet and Intranet Fundamentals. Class 10 Session A. Topics. Review the Midterm Results Security Wrapup: IPSEC. IPSEC. Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol RFC 2401 Access Control Connectionless Integrity Data Origin Authentication Protection Against Replays

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Internet and Intranet Fundamentals

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  1. Internet and Intranet Fundamentals Class 10 Session A

  2. Topics • Review the Midterm Results • Security Wrapup: IPSEC

  3. IPSEC • Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol • RFC 2401 • Access Control • Connectionless Integrity • Data Origin Authentication • Protection Against Replays • Confidentiality • Limited Traffic Flow Confidentiality

  4. Objectives of RFC 2401 Achieved Through • Two Major Security Protocols • AH = Authentication Header • ESP = Encapsulating Security Payload • Cryptographic Key Management Procedures and Protocols • Algorithm independence

  5. Security Policy Database (SPD) • Established / Maintained by User, Sys Admin, Application • Three Processing Modes for Packets • Afforded IPsec Security Services • Discarded • Allowed to Bypass IPsec Security Services

  6. Security Gateway • Intermediate System Implementing IPsec Protocols • Paths Defined between • Hosts • Security Gateways • Hosts and Security Gateways

  7. AH = Authentication Header • "IP Authentication Header", RFC 2402 • Connectionless Integrity • Data Origin Authentication • Anti-Replay

  8. ESP = Encapsulating Security Payload • "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", RFC 2406 • Confidentiality (Encryption) • Limited Traffic Flow Confidentiality • Connectionless Integrity • Data Origin Authentication • Anti-Replay

  9. AH / ESP Modes • Transport Mode • Protection for upper layer protocols • Tunnel Mode • Applied to tunneled packets • Tunnels can be • end-to-end between two security gateways, or • between individual TCP connections

  10. AH / ESP Modes • Hosts MUST support both modes • Security Gateways need only support tunnel mode • May support transport mode, but only when acting as a host

  11. Implementation • Native IP Implementation • Source code • Bump-in-the-Stack (BITS) • In between native IP and data link layer • Outboard Cryptoprocessor • Military • Bump-in-the-wire (BITW). • Supporting Router acts as security gateway, as single host == BITS

  12. Security Association • Simplex connection affording security services to the traffic carried by it • Two way traffic will require two SAs. • Triple defines: • Security Parameter Index (SPI) • IP Destination Address • security protocol identifier (AH or ESP)

  13. Security Association • Transport Mode Security Protocol Header Immediately After IP Header, but before high layer headers. • Outer and Inner IP headers

  14. Implementations of IPSec Internet Host Computer Host Computer Router w/ IPSec Router w/ IPSec Host Computer Host Computer Host Computer w/IPSec Host Computer w/IPSec Router w/o IPSec Router w/o IPSec Independent of Security Security Applied

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