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WWII

WWII. Ch 31. I. Introduction. Continuation of WWI Result of Germany being punished for WWI Japan was the initial aggressors 1931 invasion of Manchuria 2 nd Sino-Japanese War (Rape of China) Spanish Civil War (1936-39) Francisco Franco supported by Germany and Italy

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WWII

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  1. WWII Ch 31

  2. I. Introduction • Continuation of WWI • Result of Germany being punished for WWI • Japan was the initial aggressors • 1931 invasion of Manchuria • 2nd Sino-Japanese War (Rape of China) • Spanish Civil War (1936-39) • Francisco Franco supported by Germany and Italy • Soviet Union supported current government • Both sides tested new weapons

  3. I. Introduction • Casualties(estimates) • Axis Military and Civilian- 8,268,000* • Allied Civilian and Military- 39,963,700* • USSR- 20 million & China 10 Million* • * Varies per source • Major use of airpower • Ex. Battle of Britain • Extensive Naval Warfare • Including amphibious landings

  4. II. Germany • Nazis • National Socialist (Nationalsozialist) • Came to power in 1933 • Hitler elected to Chancellor then became Fuhrer • Failed before and then jailed (time period of Mein Kampf) • Claimed they were stabbed in the back by the Treaty of Versailles • Jews and Communist conspired against them • People believed it due to extreme economic depression • Claimed they would put everyone back to work and would remilitarize • Set up the Third Reich

  5. II. Germany • Racial breakdown as per Hitler • Nordic -(blond, blue-eyed) Close to pure Aryan • Germanic- (brown hair, blue-eyed, or less desirable, brown-eyed) Predominantly Aryan • Mediterranean- (white but swarthy) Slight Aryan preponderance • Slavic -(white but degenerative bone structure) Close to Aryan, half-Ape • Oriental -Slight Ape preponderance • Black African -Predominantly Ape • Jewish- (fiendish skull) Close to pure Ape

  6. II. Germany • Hitler also killed • Gypsies • Homosexuals (pink triangles) • Mentally handicapped • Physically handicapped • Religious leaders who refused to accept the Nazi cult

  7. III. United States • Brought into war as a result of Pearl Harbor • Japanese tried to wipe out Pacific fleet since US stopped selling them oil • Joined the British on Western Front • Major aid to British • Major European battles • Invasion of Normandy (D-day) • Battle of the Bulge (German last ditch effort)

  8. II. United States • Pacific Battles • Battle of Midway and Battle of the Coral Sea (major naval/air battles) • Iwo Jima (Marines/Island hopping) • Hiroshima and Nagasaki

  9. IV. Soviet Union • Originally signed a non-aggression pact with Germany • Not ready for war but expected it to be betrayed • Used large population and territory to its advantage • Germany invaded too close to winter • Battle of Stalingrad and Moscow • Were the ones to encircle the final German stronghold

  10. V. The end and the beginning • Germany surrendered two weeks after Hitler killed himself • Japan surrendered shortly after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki • United Nations was formed • More effective than League of Nations • Headquarters in Manhattan • Germany divided up into spheres of influence • Berlin then subdivided

  11. V. The end and the beginning • Tehran Conference of 1944 • Allied forces met to discuss how to defeat Hitler • France was focus • Soviet Union allowed to take over Eastern Europe • Yalta Conference 1945 • Roosevelt gave Stalin Manchuria and parts of Japan in exchange for help defeating Japan • Potsdam July 1945 • Final conference • Confirmed Soviet control of Eastern Europe • US occupies Japan and colonies returned • US and Soviet Union divides Korea (North and South)

  12. V. The end and the beginning Allies allowed Soviet Union to gain too much power so that they could stop Germany/Japan Try to limit power which results in the Cold War

  13. VI. The Jews • Holocaust • Hitler’s final solution • About 6 million Jews were killed • Brought to light to the persecution of the Jews • The Jews pushed for their own homeland • Israel became a state on May 14, 1948 • Arabs were unhappy • Suffered numerous invasions in the first year • Ended up increasing territory

  14. VII. Liberation of the Colonies • Atlantic Charter of 1941 • US pressured Britain to sign • All people have the right to choose their government • India • Quit India movement • Summer of 1942 • Mass civil disobedience • Muslim League • Muhammad Ali Jinnah • Gained favor for movement by supporting Brits • Britain withdrew in 1947 • Resulted in rioting and violence

  15. VII. Liberation of the Colonies • African Colonizers humiliated by Nazis • Forced labor and supplying military greatly angered colonies • British Gold Coast • Kwamee Nkrumah • Established Convention People’s Party • Boycotts, strikes and rallies • Ghana 1957

  16. VII. Liberation of the Colonies • Kenya • Land Freedom Army • Violently fought British in 1950’s • British allow Jomo Kenyatta to form Kenya in 1963 • Algeria • National Liberation Front • Fought French (angry over Vietnam) • Huge drain to France • Secret Army Organization- guerilla warfare • French 4th Republic collapses- Forced to pull out • Settlers and French sympathizers flee to France

  17. VII. Liberation of the Colonies • South Africa • Large white population • Afrikaners set up laws to segregate colony • Apartheid • Britain felt bad about the Boer War and gave Independence to South Africa

  18. VIII. Conclusion WWII left unresolved problems Cold War/ Arms race resulted

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