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Energy Budget. The amount of energy arriving at the Earth and leaving the Earth must be in balance . If more energy arrives than leaves, the Earth will warm up over time. Types of Energy Transfer. Radiation energy transfer through a vacuum
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Energy Budget • The amount of energy arriving at the Earth and leaving the Earth must be in balance. • If more energy arrivesthan leaves, the Earth will warm up over time.
Types of Energy Transfer • Radiation energy transfer through a vacuum • Conduction Energy transfer by direct contact of particles • Convection Energy Transfer through the movement of particles from one location to another
Radiation • energy from the sun is radiatedto the Earth.
Short-wavesolar radiation arrives from the sun and heats the land or water.
Long waveinfra-red radiation from the ground heats the air above it
Conduction • Very little effect on climate as conduction involves only shortdistance energy transfers
Convection • Convection currents are caused by warm, less dense air risingand cooler, more dense air falling • On the ground, convection currents are seen as winds
On a global scale, convection currents move energyfrom the equator towards the poles
Ocean Convection Currents • Note here the movement is NOT just about moving heatfrom the Equator to the Poles • Europeis most affected by these currents.
Ayr, Scotland 55oN latitude line Cape Henrietta Maria Both are on the coast, both are at 55oN Do they have a similar climate?
Cape Henrietta Maria in May notice the ice! Ayr, Scotland in May notice the palm trees!
Which type of Energy Transfer will be influenced by human activities? • Do human activities affect radiationfrom the sun? • Do human activities affect conductionthrough materials? • Do human activities affect convectionswinds? • Noto all of the above! • So how might humans affect climate? We’ll talk about human effects tomorrow!