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RHIC-STAR 飞行时间谱仪 的进展

RHIC-STAR 飞行时间谱仪 的进展. CHEN, Hongfang, USTC for STAR-China. Outline. Time of Flight Project in STAR Introduction of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) Prototype running in STAR Preparation for mass production in China (at USTC and Tsinghua) Conclusion.

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RHIC-STAR 飞行时间谱仪 的进展

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  1. RHIC-STAR飞行时间谱仪 的进展 CHEN, Hongfang, USTC for STAR-China Shanghai Eastern Forum

  2. Outline • Time of Flight Project in STAR • Introduction of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber • (MRPC) • Prototype running in STAR • Preparation for mass production in China (at USTC • and Tsinghua) • Conclusion Shanghai Eastern Forum

  3. Time of Flight Project in STAR 80年代初物理学家提议建立高能重离子装置产生和研究QGP,高温QCD物质。 T.D.Lee提议在BNL利用ISABELLA的隧道来建造RHIC。1991年在BNL开始建造。 1999年建成，环周长3.8公里。加速金核最大能量100 GeV/Nu Shanghai Eastern Forum

  4. Time Projection Chamber Magnet Coils Silicon Vertex Tracker TPC Endcap & MWPC FTPCs ZCal ZCal Endcap Calorimeter VertexPositionDetectors Barrel EM Calorimeter Central Trigger Barrel orTOF STAR Detector (baseline) Large coverage >2,  ~2 Shanghai Eastern Forum

  5. Specific Energy Loss in STAR TPC STAR p + p at 200 GeV data With the STAR TPC K p identification: pT ~ 0.6 GeV/c Proton identification: pT ~ 1.1 GeV/c S/N for f reconstruction: ~ 1/few 100 Multi-strange particles reconstruction efficiency: ~ 10- 4 --10-3 d d t p KpK p e e J. Ma, Yamamoto et al. Shanghai Eastern Forum

  6. Upgrade Requirements • Keep (expand) the general STAR philosophy • of largecoverage • High rate readout and DAQ • Micro vertex detector for enhanced heavy quark ID • Enhanced (higher momentum) PID barrel TOF • High rate tracking capability and • improved momentum resolution • (TPC replacement, GEM technology) Shanghai Eastern Forum

  7. Barrel Time of Flight using Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers Goal: Cover entire outer barrel of TPC with affordable, high resolution TOF (0<Φ<2π, -1<η<1,t<100ps) Limits For PID 2σPIDTPC dE/dxTOF (η~0)TOF (η~1) π/K/P ~0.7 GeV/c ~1.6 GeV/c ~2.0 GeV/c (π+K)/p ~1.0 GeV/c ~2.6 GeV/c ~3.2 GeV/c d ~1.0 GeV/c ~4.0 GeV/c ~4.7 GeV/c With TOF, over 95% of the particles in the TPC acceptance will be Identified by R. Majka for STAR Shanghai Eastern Forum

  8. Introduction to STAR-TOFr, MRPC 多气隙电阻板室（MRPC）是在95年以后发展的一种新探测器，利用MRPC技术制作桶部STAR－TOF探测器是一个好的方案。 在STAR上采用MRPC技术建成TOF系统， 将是国际上首先应用此技术的TOF。TOF的运行将大大改进和扩展STAR的粒子识别能力，增强物理潜力。 这是一项有高技术含量的硬件建设工作。 Active area : 20 ×6cm, Readout Pad： 3.15cm×6.1cm, gap： 6×0.22mm Gas：95% C2H2F4 + 5% Iso-C4H10 Good time resolution(<100ps), high detection efficiency(>95%), high granularity, robustious, low cost. Beam test result Shanghai Eastern Forum

  9. STAR TOF Team:(2002) 16 institutions US Electronics, tray assembly and integration China (6 institutions) Module construction and QA Shanghai Eastern Forum

  10. STAR-TOF • MRPC modules to cover outer barrel of STAR TPC t < 100 ps • Large coverage – < <, -1< <1, R≈2.1 m • More than double momentum range of PID • 3840 modules with 23,000 readout channels • Fast detector – maintains (improves) • trigger capability Shanghai Eastern Forum

  11. TOF Tray Prototype Run in STAR (Run3, Run 4, Run5) • The specific technical goals of this project included the following: • Install and integrate a MRPC-based TOF system in a collider • experiment for the first time. • Operate the system in a quasi-steady state over the entire run • to gain experience on the reliability of the system and • possible aging effects. • Collect enough data in specific configurations • to make statistically significant evaluations of the timing and • PID performance of the system (based on the choice of the gas • mixture, detector operating voltage, temperature effect, • Test new electronic. Shanghai Eastern Forum

  12. TOFr Tray 的结构 241*21.6*8.9cm3 =6° for one tray Run 3--2002: 24 modules from USTC+4 modules from RICE; Run 4--2003: 2 modules from Tsinghua +22 modules from USTC; new mechanic frame Run 5--2004: 12 modules from Tsinghua +20 modules from USTC; new electronic Shanghai Eastern Forum

  13. TOF Tray in STAR Run 3 Shanghai Eastern Forum

  14. TOF running stable and reliable Instantaneous Radiation Hard Shanghai Eastern Forum

  15. Time Resolution (ps) 200GeV d-AU 200GeV pp 62 GeV Au-Au 200GeV Au-Au 200GeV Au-Au Half Field TOF 120 160 105 86 82 pVPD 85 140 55 27 20 MRPC 85 80 89 82 80 Summary of TOF calibration Run 3 RUN 4 (p/K) :1.6GeV/c, (p/ p ,K): 3GeV/c (include the contribution from electronics and intrinsic detector jitter) Shanghai Eastern Forum

  16. New electronics From Liu Jing-- Run 5 calibration,Preliminary Shanghai Eastern Forum

  17. TOFr response efficiency vs particle transverse momentum Response efficiency is around 95% after the material absorption correction Shanghai Eastern Forum

  18. PID capability demonstratedTOFr combined with TPC Extend hadron’s PID to higher momentum Preliminary spectra of ,K and p up to pT=5GeV/c are acquired in 62GeV Au+Au collisions electrons Electron identification: TOFr |1/ß-1| < 0.03 TPC dE/dx electrons!!! ToFr+TPC, pT ~ 3 GeV/c ， Shanghai Eastern Forum

  19. What we learn from TOFr Tray running • HV was on for the entire run – no failures • Noise rate ~300Hz from OR of 72 chan. • TPC track matching done (software developed) • Calibrations (t-zero, slewing, TDC nonlinearity, …) are all performed • Gain running experience with Au-Au collisions • < 85 ps MRPC timing resolution, 95% efficiency demonstrated • PID capability demonstrated (software developed) • Electron tagging demonstrated • Physics publication • Ready for mass production when the fund ready Shanghai Eastern Forum

  20. Preparation for mass production (USTC and Tsinghua) Shanghai Eastern Forum

  21. New laboratory at USTC Shanghai Eastern Forum

  22. Tools developed by Tsinghua University Shanghai Eastern Forum

  23. Assemble room Outer scene of the workshop MRPC workshop>200m2 at Tsinghua Shanghai Eastern Forum

  24. Conclusion • MRPC TOF technology has operated successfully in • the RHIC/STAR environment • PID capability demonstrated, including e-tag • Physics capability demonstrated – publications • 1 PRL; 2 PLB; 4 J.Phys.G; • paper for Detector R&D >20 (since 2001) • (STAR-中国组：团结，齐心，配合。建立国内基地，华籍物理学家支持) • Construction proposal submitted • Ready for mass production Shanghai Eastern Forum

  25. Thanks 谢谢 Shanghai Eastern Forum

  26. Introduction to STAR-TOFr, MRPC What is MRPC Uniform High Electric Field ~11kV/mm high drift velocity ~220m/ns high Townsend coefficient. Operate in Avalanche mode Gas: Freon (electron affinity ) iso-butane (UV photon absorption) SF6 (streamer suppressing) heavy gas: 9-10clusters/mm for MIP Small gap: 0.2-0.3 mm Multi-gaps: high efficiency E. Gorini et al. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 396(1997)93 Shanghai Eastern Forum

  27. Advantage of Join the international collaboration • Big Science must be international. • Get Chance directly work on the Frontier of Physics • More young Physicists get trained • (challenge, competition) • 6 Chinese Ph.D thesis for Star physics • (2002--) Shanghai Eastern Forum

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