1 / 21

Chapter 10: Medieval Europe & the Ottoman Empire

Chapter 10: Medieval Europe & the Ottoman Empire. Lesson 2: The Crusades. Rome ca 116 AD under Trajan. “Roman” Empire - 476 AD. Muslim Lands by 750 AD. 1081 AD. MAIN IDEAS. Religious and political motives led the Europeans (Christians) to begin a series of wars to conquer Palestine.

mab
Download Presentation

Chapter 10: Medieval Europe & the Ottoman Empire

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 10: Medieval Europe & the Ottoman Empire Lesson 2: The Crusades

  2. Rome ca 116 AD under Trajan

  3. “Roman” Empire - 476 AD

  4. Muslim Lands by 750 AD

  5. 1081 AD

  6. MAIN IDEAS • Religious and political motives led the Europeans (Christians) to begin a series of wars to conquer Palestine. • Turkish (Muslim) armies gradually recaptured territory lost during the First Crusade. • The Crusades, including the reconquest of Spain and Portugal, had a lasting effect on European culture.

  7. Battle for PalestineEQ: Why did the Europeans begin a series of wars to conquer Palestine? • Causes of the Crusades • Jerusalem surrendered to Islam in 637. • Turks attacked Byzantine Empire beginning in 1064 • Seljuk Turks captured Palestine, including Jerusalem, in 1071 & made Christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem nearly impossible • Dhimmi status robbed non-Muslims of dignity, possessions, and safety, particularly if traveling to Jerusalem. • In 1095, Byz. Emperor Alexius sent envoys to Pope Urban II asking for mercenary troops from the West to help confront the Turkish threat.

  8. Battle for PalestineEQ: Why did the Europeans begin a series of wars to conquer Palestine? • Soldier’s Motivation to Go: • “indulgence,” guaranteeing Heaven • wealth and honor • Pope’s Motivation to Send: • Regain authority over European princes • Help fix the Relationship with the Eastern Church, broken in 1054

  9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rkbL2_SXQY

  10. The First CrusadeRQ:What were the results of the First Crusade? • The First Crusade • In 1096, European armies (60-100,000) departed for Byzantine capital Constantinople in 3 waves - lack of training & supplies left tens of thousands dead along the way. Byz. Empire to retain any land taken • Byz. Emperor fails to help in Antioch. Crusaders feel their vow is lifted. • European forces captured Jerusalem in 1099 and divided captured land into four Crusader states: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem • Only 300 knights and 300 other soldiers stayed to defend Jerusalem and the surrounding area. The others returned home.

  11. The First Crusade

  12. Muslims Return to PowerRQ: What was the key to the success of the defending Islamic armies? • Crusades 2-4 • Second Crusade (1147–1149) Goal to recapture Edessa and reinforce Jerusalem. French and Germans went but didn’t cooperate; Saladin unifies Egyptian, Syrian, and Turkish Muslims and recaptures Jerusalem in 1187. Begins Ayyubid Dynasty. • The Third Crusade (1189–1192) called to recapture Jerusalem. England joins. Crusade was “successful” but failed to recapture Jerusalem. In 1192, Saladin and Richard agreed to a truce; Muslims controlled Jerusalem, Christians allowed to visit Holy Land. • The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was launched because the truce didn’t last. Funding to come from Constantinople but didn’t. Crusaders sacked Constantinople. Byzantine Empire left even weaker. • Crusaders attacked by Mongols in 1241. Muslim power (Mamluk) shifts to Egypt.

  13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzE6-WZtOi4

  14. Muslims Recapture Palestine - 1291EQ: What were some effects of the Crusades on Europe? • Catholic Church/Pope increase in influence, necessity. • Feudal power diminished; kings rise to superiority. • The products of the near and far east were traded. • Worsening of conditions for dhimmis and Euro-Jews. • Contact with learning in the East helped spark future Renaissance.

  15. LIKE WHAT? • Food products: rice, coffee, sherbet, dates, apricots, lemons, sugar, spices such as ginger, melons, rhubarb and dates. • Household goods: mirrors, Persian carpets, cotton cloth for clothing, ship’s compasses, writing paper, wheelbarrows, mattresses and shawls. • New ideas: chess, Arabic numbers 0 to 9, pain killing drugs, algebra, irrigation, chemistry, the color scarlet, water wheels and water clocks • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvekfZ0uTpc

  16. Muslims Recapture Palestine - 1291EQ: What were some effects of the Crusades on Europe? • 6. Irreparably weakened the Byzantine Empire. • 7. Italian city-states (Venice, etc.) get rich through trade. • 8. Use of gunpowder against Crusaders changes warfare. • 9. Crusades inspired exploration (e.g. Marco Polo, 1271). • 10. Increased trade led to the transportation of diseases.

  17. The ReconquistaRQ: How are the Crusades and the Reconquista related? • In 700s, Muslims conquered Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal). Advance halted at Tours (France) in 732. • Reconquista—the term for the Christian effort to reacquire Spain (718–1492) • In the late 1400s, King Ferdinand, Queen Isabella unify Spain through religion, military. • Inquisition—Catholic judicial group that combated heresy authorized by Pope Sixtus IV in 1478. The Grand Inquisitor was Tomas de Torquemada. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAn7baRbhx4

  18. The ReconquistaBehind the Scenes • Fall of Constantinople in 1453. • Isabella became Queen of Castile in 1474; Ferdinand became the King of Aragon in 1479. Their marriage united the two kingdoms, leading to the beginnings of modern Spain. • In 1500, the Antichrist, with his army of Jews and Muslims, would be confronted and defeated. Spain had to be purified. • Isabella would reign as history’s counter to the submissive, sinful, weak-minded Eve, as the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary.

  19. The ReconquistaBehind the Scenes • Jewish ritual murder of a Christian child was a popular myth. Jews were confined to ghettos in 1480 and were expelled in 1492. • Muslim Moors defeated in Granada in 1492 and expelled in 1502. • Jewish converts were Conversos (subjected to Inquisition); Muslims were Moriscos (expelled in 1614). • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMjgsmKbn8M • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89Xv4mV1BIs • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFL2vvK63dg

  20. Lesson Summary • Christian Europe launched Crusades from 1096 to 1270 to take control of Palestine from Muslims. • Under Saladin, Muslims regained much territory lost during the First Crusade. • Crusaders failed to keep control of Palestine, but the Reconquista in Spain was successful. So What . . . Some look back to the Crusades in an effort to understand tensions between the West and the Middle East today.

More Related