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REFORM MOVEMENTS

REFORM MOVEMENTS. ORGANIZATIONS INTENDED TO MAKE THINGS BETTER. Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights. PROBLEM WOMEN DID NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE

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REFORM MOVEMENTS

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  1. REFORM MOVEMENTS ORGANIZATIONS INTENDED TO MAKE THINGS BETTER

  2. Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights PROBLEM • WOMEN DID NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE • IMPROVEMENTS WERE NEEDED IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM, PUBLIC HEALTH, CARE FOR DEPENDENT & DELINQUENT CHILDREN, SAFETY IN COMMUNITIES & PROTECTION FOR WORKING WOMEN • CORRUPT & INEFFICIENT GOVERNMENTS • WOMEN WANTED TO SERVE ON JURIES AND HOLD POLITICAL OFFICE

  3. Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS • CONVENTIONS TO BRING ABOUT PUBLIC AWARENESS • ENFRANCHISEMENT OF WOMEN  • SPONSOR LECTURES, DISRTRIBUTE PAMPHLETS, SUPPORT PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES IN BEHALF OF THE WAR EFFORT DURING WORLD WAR I TO GAIN SUPPORT.

  4. Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights RESULT • NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS PASSED • TEXAS EQUAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, TEXAS EQUAL RIGHTS ASSOCIATION, TEXAS CONGRESS OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS, TEXAS FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUBS WERE ESTABLISHED • IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD WELFARE, CHILD LABOR LEGISLATION WAS PASSED, IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTHCARE, TEACHER CERTIFICATION, FUNDING FOR WOMEN’S SCHOLARSHIPS AND WOMEN’S DORMITORIES AT UNIVERSITIES, TRAVELING LIBRARIES AND PERMANENT LIBRARIES, TEXAS HISTORY BECAME A REQUIRED SUBJECT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS, BETTER TREATMENT FOR THE CRIMINALLY INSANE, FOSTER HOMES FOR CHILDREN WERE ESTABLISHED, MARRIED WOMEN’S PROPERTY RIGHTS WERE PROTECTED, JURY SERVICE FOR WOMEN, AND HISTORICAL PRESERVATION OF THE ALAMO, SAM HOUSTON’S HOME AND THE GOVERNOR’S MANSION.

  5. Woman Suffrage & Equal Rights NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS • ANNETTE FINNIGAN • DR. GRACE DANFORTH •  REBECCA HENRY HAYES •  MRS. ANNA PENNYBACKER •  KATE STURM McCALL ROTAN

  6. Prohibition PROBLEM • LIQUOR PROMOTED: • CRIME • POVERTY • IMMORALITY • NEGLECT AND ABUSE OF FAMILY MEMBERS

  7. Prohibition POSSIBLE SOLUTION • TOTAL ABSTINENCE FROM ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES • PUT LIQUOR DEALERS OUT OF BUSINESS • ALCOHOL EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

  8. Prohibition RESULT • WOMAN’S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION & TEXAS ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE WERE ESTABLISHED • EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION WAS PASSED & A STATE PROHIBITION AMENDMENT WAS PASSED • INCREASE OF DRY COUNTIES

  9. Prohibition NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS • FRANCES WILLARD • ARTHUR J. BARTON •  BENJAMIN FRANKLIN RILEY •  HELEN M. STODDARD •  THOMAS HENRY BALL •  CHARLES H. JENKINS

  10. Prison Reform PROBLEM • NO PRISONER REHABILITATION • CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM • NO EDUCATIONAL OR INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PROGRAMS  • NO RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS  • POOR MEDICAL CARE & POOR NUTRITION  • POOR FACILITIES-EXPOSURE TO FLOODING & DISEASE  • OVERCROWDING & JUVENILES & ADULTS INCARCERATED TOGETHER

  11. Prison Reform POSSIBLE SOLUTION  • REPLACE CURRENT MANAGERS/ ADMINISTRATORS  • BUILD MORE PRISON FACILITIES  • STATE NO LONGER CONTROLS THE PRISON SYSTEM-LEASE THE SYSTEM TO A PRIVATE COMPANY • TO OPERATE AND RUN THE PRISON FACILITIES  • BUILD JUVENILE FACILITIES

  12. Prison Reform RESULT • THE TEXAS COMMITTEE ON PRISONS & PRISON LABOR CONDUCTED A SURVEY OF THE PRISONS • PRISON LEASE SYSTEM & CONVICT LEASE SYSTEM WAS ABOLISHED  • NEW NINE-MEMBER BOARD OF DIRECTORS-“TEXAS PRISON BOARD” WAS ESTABLISHED  • EXPANDED EDUCATIONAL & RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES; IMPROVED NUTRITION; IMPROVED FACILITIES  • BOYS’ REFORMATORIES WERE CREATED

  13. Prison Reform NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS • MINNIE F. CUNNINGHAM  • RABBI HENRY COHEN  • MARY E. BRACKENRIDGE  • ELIZABETH SPEER  • JANE Y. McCALLUM  • CHARLES S. POTTS  • GEORGE W. BRIGGS  • DR. A. C. SCOTT

  14. NAACP PROBLEM • PHYSICAL AND VERBAL ABUSES AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICANS  • REVIVAL OF THE KKK  • RACIAL SEGREGATION IN ALL ASPECTS OF LIFE • RESTRICTIVE VOTER REGISTRATION LAWS, POLL TAX AND WHITE PRIMARIES

  15. NAACP POSSIBLE SOLUTION • PRESS FOR RACIAL EQUALITY THROUGH LITIGATION  • PROVIDE LEGAL ASSISTANCE AND FUNDING • NATIONAL PUBLIC AWARENESS  • PURSUE RIGHTS THROUGH CIVIC, POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL GROUPS

  16. NAACP RESULT • INCREASED INVOVEMENT IN THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE AND THE TEXAS ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN’S CLUBS  • ESTABLISHMENT OF STATE HOMES AND TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENT AFRICAN-AMERICAN GIRLS  • SEVERAL LAW SUITS WERE WON IN FAVOR OF THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN IN THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT  • AFRICAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS AND CHURCH GROUPS DENOUNCED SEGREGATION AND WHITE OPPRESSION

  17. NAACP NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS  • J. A. GRUMBLES  • ANTONIO MACEO SMITH  • ADA BELL DeMENT  • GEORGE WRIGHT CUNEY

  18. Brotherhood of Timber Workers PROBLEM   • COMPANY TOWNS  • LONG HOURS, LOW PAY   • UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS  • CUT-OUT-GET-OUT POLICY  • UNANNOUNCED PAYCUTS & IRREGULAR PAYDAYS

  19. Brotherhood of Timber Workers POSSIBLE SOLUTION  • ORGANIZE UNIONS –THE BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER WORKERS  • ESTABLISH WORKERS COMPENSATION SYSTEM  • ESTABLISH A FORESTRY PROGRAM  • IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS

  20. Brotherhood of Timber Workers RESULT   • MILL OWNERS FORMED TRADE ASSOCIATIONS TO BLOCK FORMATION OF UNIONS  • DISUNITY AMONG THE WORKERS CAUSED LACK OF EFFECTIVE UNIONS • TEXAS FORESTRY ASSOCIATION WAS FORMED  • BROTHERHOOD OF TIMBER WORKERS STAGED STRIKES AND WALKOUTS; MERGED WITH THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD; AND EVENTUALLY FAILED

  21. Brotherhood of Timber Workers NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS  • JOHN HENRY KIRBY  • JAY SMITH  • ARTHUR LEE EMERSON  • TH0MAS L. L. TEMPLE  • W. A. PICKERING  • ROBERT A. LONG

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