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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds. Nomenclature II. Ternary Ionic Compounds Binary and Ternary Acids. >2 elements. cation with an anion. Ternary Ionic Compounds . Metal cation with polyatomic anion. Metal cation with polyatomic anion.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds

  2. Nomenclature II Ternary Ionic Compounds Binary and Ternary Acids

  3. >2 elements cation with an anion Ternary Ionic Compounds Metal cation with polyatomic anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 sodium sulfate sodium sodiumsulfate Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion NH4Cl NH4Cl NH4Cl NH4Cl ammonium ammoniumchloride ammonium chloride Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion NH4NO3 NH4NO3 NH4NO3 NH4NO3 ammoniumnitrate ammonium nitrate ammonium

  4. Some Common Polyatomic Anions nitrate NO3- chlorate ClO3- carbonate CO32- sulfate SO42- phosphate PO43-

  5. nitrate NO3- chlorate ClO3- carbonate CO32- sulfate SO42- phosphate PO43- NO3- nitrate ClO3- chlorate CO32- carbonate SO42- sulfate PO43- phosphate Some Common Polyatomic Anions

  6. NO3- nitrate ClO3- chlorate CO32- carbonate SO42- sulfate PO43- phosphate Some Common Polyatomic Anions NO2- nitrite ClO2- chlorite SO32- sulfite PO33- phosphite Notice that renaming ‘-ate’ to ‘-ite’ simply reduces the number of oxygen atoms but not ionic charge

  7. NO3- nitrate ClO3- chlorate CO32- carbonate SO42- sulfate PO43- phosphate Some Common Polyatomic Anions Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 less oxygen NO2- nitrite ClO2- chlorite SO32- sulfite PO33- phosphite Notice that renaming ‘-ate’ to ‘-ite’ simply reduces the number of oxygen atoms but not ionic charge

  8. NO2- nitrite ClO2- chlorite SO32- sulfite PO33- phosphite NO3- nitrate ClO3- chlorate CO32- carbonate NO2- NO3- nitrite nitrate SO42- sulfate ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate PO43- phosphate CO32- carbonate SO32- SO42- sulfite sulfate PO33- PO43- phosphite phosphate Some Common Polyatomic Anions Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 less oxygen

  9. Some Common Polyatomic Anions Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 more oxygen NO2- NO3- nitrite nitrate ClO- hypochlorite ClO2- chlorite ClO3- chlorate perchlorate ClO4- CO32- carbonate SO32- SO42- sulfite sulfate PO33- PO43- phosphite phosphate The halo-oxo-anions of Br and I have identical naming schemes

  10. BrO- IO- ClO- ClO- hypochlorite hypochlorite hypobromite hypoiodite ClO2- ClO2- BrO2- IO2- iodite bromite chlorite chlorite BrO3- ClO3- IO3- ClO3- chlorate bromate chlorate iodate perbromate periodate perchlorate ClO4- BrO4- IO4- perchlorate ClO4- Some Common Polyatomic Anions NO2- NO3- nitrite nitrate CO32- carbonate SO32- SO42- sulfite sulfate PO33- PO43- phosphite phosphate The halo-oxo-anions of Br and I have identical naming schemes

  11. Ternary Ionic Compounds Al SO4 Examples Write the chemical formula of aluminum sulfate Aluminum sulfate Al3+ SO42- 2(3+) + 3(2-) = 0 ?(3+) + ?(2-) = 0 ?(3+) + ?(2-) = 0 Al2(SO4)3

  12. Ternary Ionic Compounds Examples Write the systematic name for Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 (?+) + 2(-1) = 0 (?+) + 2(-1) = 0 (2+) + 2(-1) = 0 Cu?+ Cu?+ Cu2+ NO3- Copper is a transition element so use Stock convention for naming the metal ion: copper(II) nitrate

  13. Some Common Polyatomic AnionsA Few Exceptions hydroxide OH- cyanide CN- azide N3- carbide C22- Despite being polyatomic anions, the rules of nomenclature for monoatomic ions apply.

  14. Binary and Ternary Acids A binary acid is molecular compound which dissociates into hydrogen ion and a monoatomic anion in aqueous solution. A ternary acid is molecular compound which is a combination of hydrogen ion and a polyatomic anion.

  15. Binary Acids Prefix the root name of the anion with ‘hydro’ Transform the suffix of the anion from ‘-ide’ to ‘-ic’ Add the word ‘acid’ EXAMPLES HCl(g) hydrogen chloride Read the formula carefully! HCl(aq) hydrochloricacid HI(g) hydrogen iodide HI(aq) hydroiodic acid

  16. Binary AcidsAn Exception HCN(g) hydrogen cyanide HCN(aq) hydrocyanic acid Read the molecular name carefully Even though it is not a binary acid, the ‘-ide’ ending of the anion requires application of the binary acid rule.

  17. Ternary Acids Transform the suffix of the anion from ‘-ate’ to ‘-ic’ -or- Transform the suffix of the anion from ‘-ite’ to ‘-ous’ Add the word ‘acid’ Never use the prefix ‘hydro’ for ternary acids EXAMPLES HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid

  18. Ternary Acids The name does not include ‘acid’ until the anion’s ionic charge is completely balanced by hydrogen ion. EXAMPLE Na2SO4 sodium sulfate NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate H2SO4 sulfuric acid

  19. Review of Basic Nomenclature Binary Ionic Compounds CuCl2 copper(II) chloride barium oxide BaO Binary Molecular Compounds N2O4 dinitrogen tetraoxide sulfur hexafluoride SF6 Ternary Ionic Compounds MnSO4 manganese(II) sulfate aluminum nitrate Al(NO3)3 Acids HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid perchloric acid HClO4

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