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Selection and Evolution

Selection and Evolution. Jory Weintraub, Ph.D. National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent). Where Do I Work? National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent). What is Evolution?. CHANGE OVER TIME… It explains the diversity of life on Earth!. Evolution = Change Over Time.

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Selection and Evolution

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  1. Selection and Evolution Jory Weintraub, Ph.D. National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent)

  2. Where Do I Work? National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent)

  3. What is Evolution? CHANGE OVER TIME… It explains the diversity of life on Earth!

  4. Evolution = Change Over Time

  5. Mutations Affect Genes, Proteins, Traits U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis

  6. Genotype – The genetic makeup of an individual (i.e., the genes it has) Phenotype – The physical manifestation of the genotype (i.e., what it looks like)

  7. Evidence for Evolution Animal Distributions Closely related organisms found in geographical proximity

  8. Evidence for Evolution Homology The spatial and developmental equivalence of traits that may look quite different

  9. Evidence for Evolution Vestigial Features Speaks to imperfect “design”. Best explained by the persistence of shared traits.

  10. How Does Evolution Work? Through a process called “Natural Selection” Individuals in a population that are better adapted for a particular environment, survive and pass their traits on to their offspring H.E. Hoekstra

  11. Natural Selection The Pocket Mouse Example

  12. Natural Selection The Pocket Mouse Example What can we conclude? The mice that blend in have an advantage over those that stand out. They survive and reproduce.

  13. What other types of selection are there besides Natural Selection?

  14. Sexual Selection (Sexual Dimorphism)

  15. Sexual Selection The Birds of Paradise Example

  16. Sexual Selection The Birds of Paradise Example What can we conclude? The birds that stand out have an advantage over those that blend in. They have more chances to reproduce.

  17. Natural Selection suggests it is better to blend in… Sexual Selection suggests it is better to stand out… Can you come up with a theory (or theories) to explain this?!?

  18. Are there any other types of selection?

  19. An Example of Evolution in Action…

  20. BM vonHoldtet al.Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication Nature000, 1-5 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature08837

  21. Q: Is this natural selection? A: It is artificial selection

  22. Conclusion: Several forms of selection lead to change over time

  23. QUESTIONS???Jory Weintraubjory@unc.edu

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