Warm-Up

1. Warm-Up • Why did Spaniards felt a rush to start colonizing Texas? • Turn in Your Explorer Foldable!

2. Missions and Settlement

3. Spain Looks to Texas • After over a 100 years of leaving Texas alone, New Spain established the first permanent Mission in 1682. • Mission of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta • Near Present-day El Paso • Why the sudden change to establish Texas?

4. Corpus Christi de la Ysltea

5. Fear of French Louisiana • Most of Spanish Activity was during the 1690s, in the Eastern Part of Texas • Why? • La Salle arrived in 1685 brought fear to the Spaniards • Open the door to build missions, military outposts called Presidios, and towns lands occupied by the Native Texans.

7. A Tejas Mission • De Leon and His troops • Near the Colorado River met a large group of Hasinai • Angelina, a Hasinai women, Coin them the name Tejas • Father Damian Massanet promise to come back • 1690 Went back and create the 1st Mission in East Texas

8. San Francisco de los Tejas • Located a few miles west of the Neches River (near present day town of Weches)

9. Failure at San Francisco de los Tejas • Reasons • Drought • Disease killing many Native Texans • Rejection of the Catholic Religion and to change the Native Texans • France no longer was a threat • Mexico City felt it was costing them to much money, led to the mission being abandoned

10. Positive side of the spectrum • Even though, the mission was a failure New Spain felt the need to strengthened Spain’s claim in Texas. • More presidios and Spanish families began to settle on the land. • Mission settlement along the Rio Grande flourished

11. Mission San Juan Bautista • Built west of the river near the present-day town of Eagle Pass in 1699 • Allowed for safe passage to Texas • Grew into three missions, a presidio, and a town • Became the “Mother of Texas” • Base for many expedition whose aims were to establish mission

12. Mission San Juan Bautista • Provided grain, cattle, and horses to missionaries

13. Father Francisco Hidalgo • Missionary • Knowledge of San Francisco de los Tejas • Request was ignored to start another mission

14. France Threatens Again • France became friends with the Natives • Why? • Did not take their land • Did not try and convert them to Catholicism • Became trading partners • Effects on Spain • Father Hidalgo proposal to the Governor of France Louis de St. Denis

15. Secret Negotiations with Spain and France • Hidalgo look at this as an opportunity to open trade with • Louis de St. Denis sets up trading post in Natchitoches, on the Red River to trade with Native Texans • Captain Diego Ramon, the presidio’s Commander arrested St. Denis and sent him to Mexico City

16. Conflict results • Led to new missions to be built in East Texas • Spanish and France trading Stopped • Spaniards viceroy appointed St. Denis because of his Texas Trails knowledge and his good relations with Native Americans. • This led to a boom in Missions across East Texas

18. New Missions • San Antonio is Found • San Antonio was a settlement between the new missions in the East and the Rio Grande • The Site was chose because of the San Antonio River • Presidio San Antonio de Bexar, 1718 • Across the river, Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo)

21. French and Spain War of 1719 • Small unit of French soldiers from Louisiana seized a Spanish mission near present-day Nacogdoches • Panic-stricken missionaries, soldiers, and families fled to San Antonio • Caused Angry and determined, viceroy of New Spain to retake East Test.

22. Marques de san Miguel De Aguayo • Order by the Viceroy • March to Texas • 500 soldier-settlers • Thousands of horses, mules, sheep and cattle • Reestablished the abandoned mission • He also established 8 more missions, 2 villages, and 4 presidios by the time he returned home.

23. East Texas • Aguayo return home after Spanish rule in Texas seemed secured • 1727, Officials believe it cost to much and abandoned the presidio and moved back to San Antonio • French continued to be active in East Texas but with the respect to not pass Aguayo’s line

24. Indians in the Plains reaction to the Missions • Native Americans in the Plains resented the intruders. • San Antonio suffered from being raided by the Apaches • This made life very dangerous for settlers • Comanche’s took the Spaniards horses • Spaniards still wanted to spread catholicism

25. Indians in the Plains reaction to the Missions, con’t • 1748 and 1751, three new missions • San Xavier along the San Gabriel River (near present-day Rockdale) • Serve the Tonkawa • Misfortunes • Apaches struck the settlers • Drought • Smallpox and measles • Tonkawas left • The Missions abandoned and moved to a closer one near San Antonio

26. San Saba Mission and Apaches • Apaches asked the Spanish Missionaries for the opportunity to convert to Christians • Why? • Safety from the Comanche • Creation of Mission Santa Cruz de San Saba • 1757, near present-day Menard in central Texas • Was a bold step • Apaches visited to get food and supplies but never stayed a long time

28. San Saba Mission Fails • Comanche attacks • 1758 and 1759 took nearly 30 lives • Caused missionaries to move the mission • One of many failures to Christianize the Plains

29. Plains Fail, San Antonio Works • Even though the mission in the Plains Failed, San Antonio Stayed Strong • These mission were successful in persuading some native Texans to settle, farm, and practice Catholicism. • The towns resemble both Spaniards as well as Native Americans