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Unit 1 - Education

Unit 1 - Education. Do now! On your mini whiteboards, write down everything you can remember from the Education topic Hint: types of schools, function & purpose, formal & hidden curriculum, criticisms, factors affecting educational achievement etc. Homework due Monday 20 th April.

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Unit 1 - Education

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  1. Unit 1 - Education Do now! On your mini whiteboards, write down everything you can remember from the Education topic Hint: types of schools, function & purpose, formal & hidden curriculum, criticisms, factors affecting educational achievement etc

  2. Homework due Monday 20th April Complete any: 2 x 4 mark questions 2 x 5 mark questions 2 x 12 mark questions from anywhere on this powerpoint. It makes sense to choose the hardest ones!

  3. Create your topic map Schools & testing Role/function of education Structural changes British Educational system Education Policy changes Barriers to educational achievement Within school At home

  4. Material deprivation

  5. Streaming

  6. League tables

  7. What is the education system for? Pelicans Imagine you are a Functionalist. What do you believe the education system is for? Flamingos Imagine you are a Marxist. What do you believe the education system is for?

  8. Which of these functions take place in the formal curriculum and which take place in the hidden curriculum? Economy Social control Purpose of education system Secondary socialisation Social cohesion Social mobility

  9. The hidden curriculum… • Structure & hierarchy • Social control • Achievement & competition • Routine • Dress code • Gender role allocation

  10. Criticisms • Does everyone agree with the values taught within schools? Are they the values of the upper class (Marxist argument)? • Does everyone get fair chances within education? • Deschooling = argument that compulsory education stifles creativity and should be banned.

  11. Exam questions: • Explain what sociologists mean by “social cohesion”. (4 marks) • Explain what sociologists mean by the “hidden curriculum.” (4 marks) • Describe one function that education is expected to fulfil in Britain today and explain how it is expected to fulfil this function. (5 marks) • Discuss how far sociologists would agree that serving the needs of the economy is the most important function of the education system in Britain today. (12 marks) • Discuss how far sociologists would agree that encouraging social cohesion is the most important function of the education system in Britain today. (12 marks)

  12. The British Education system Key concepts revised today • Describe the basic structure of education system • Describe the functions and expectations of the educational system • Be aware of key political debates around different educational provisions • Copy and complete the elements of the basic structure of the UK education system: • Pre- school or E_________ Y_________ education (3-4yrs) • P_____________ education (5-11 yrs) • S_____________ education (11-16) • F______________ education (16+ A levels & vocational courses) • H______________ education (university degrees etc)

  13. 1) At what age/key stage do these exams take place? • SATs? • GCSEs • A Levels 2) In what other ways are schools monitored? 3) What are league tables and what are they for? Ext: Can you think of any criticisms of league tables?

  14. Exam Questions • Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of testing in primary schools.(2 marks) • Describe one way in which British governments have increased the use of testing in primary schools over the past 25 years and explain the criticisms of this policy. (5 marks)

  15. Comprehensive Specialist Special Academy Faith Independent Grammar

  16. Task: Using the information on pp.58-61, complete the educational changes timeline. Make sure you include the keywords below.

  17. Exam Questions 1) Identify two reasons why parents might send their children to private school. (2 marks) 2) Identify two examples of vocational education (2 marks) 4) Describe ONE way in which governments have tried to raise educational standards over recent years and explain how successful this has been. (5 marks)

  18. Exam Questions • Identify two reasons why some parents of children with special educational needs may want their children to be educated in a special school rather than mainstream. (2 marks) • Describe one type of school that pupils aged 11-16 might attend and explain the advantages of this type of school. (5 marks) • Describe one way in which British governments have tried to increase competition between schools over the last 30 years and explain why they have tried to do this. (5 marks) • Describe one way in which British governments have tried to increase the number of pupils who stay on in education and training after Year 11 and explain why they have tried to increase the staying on rates. (5 marks)

  19. Session 3 – Barriers to educational achievement Key concepts revised today • Describe and explain variations in educational achievements • Awareness of range of influences on educational achievement Quick think: Which groups within society statistically achieve the highest and lowest GCSE results? Task: On one side of the sheet you have a table of barriers within school and on the other side you have a table of barriers at home. Move around the room to find people with the information you need and complete your sheet. TIF: Which factors do you think are the most relevant? Write your answer in the box at the bottom

  20. Key factors: • Gender • Ethnicity • Social Class But why?

  21. GENDER AND EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS WHY DO GIRLS OUTPERFORM BOYS IN EXAMS? Since the 1990’s girls began to equal boys education and now out-perform boys at every level of education. This is due to; • Changes in employment and expectations of employment. There are many more opportunities for females today. • The National Curriculum introduced coursework this suited girls, who are often very organised and socialised to multi- task and plan. • Girls and their parents have higher aspirations than in the past • Girls Subcultures tend to be quite positive and focus on their futures as more than just getting married and being mothers.(girl power) • Awareness of gender issues in schools led to teachers treating boys and girls equally. However women are still paid less than men.

  22. Equality policies – no sexism National curriculum – equality for all Feminism – increased positive role models, etc Peer pressure / negative subcultures Poor concentration for long periods of time - need short tasks Socialisation –parents and teachers expect boys to behave in a different way to girls Boys are now underachieving because…. Girls now achieve well because……

  23. Exam Questions • Identify two reasons why girls are now achieving higher grades than boys throughout the education system. (2 marks) • Identify two ways in which females might still face disadvantages in the education system. (2 marks)

  24. ETHNICITY and EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS It is not true to say that those from the ethnic minorities perform worse than the majority, white population. Rather different ethnic groups have different performance levels, and within ethnic groups there are further variations by social class and gender. E.g. students from Pakistani and Bangladeshi backgrounds are less successful in the education system, with the females from those backgrounds performing worse than the males. Females from Indian backgrounds are amongst the most successful in the state education system. Males from African-Caribbean backgrounds are less successful than average but females are more successful. Children from Chinese backgrounds are also particularly successful.

  25. EXPLANATIONS FOR DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY ETHNIC GROUP Explanations for the differences in educational attainment between different ethnic groups include: 1. deprivation 2. the impact of teachers' labelling of students 3. institutional racism 4. home backgrounds 5. cultural differences.

  26. INSTITUTIONAL RACISM Definition Institutional racism - where an organisation (such as a college or company) has procedures and regulations that discriminate against certain groups. OFSTED inspectors have suggested that there is institutional racism in British schools. e.g. subjects like history and English literature may just focus on the success of white British people.

  27. Home Backgrounds • Jones (1997) found that the educational success of the child, of whatever ethnic group, was closely related to the educational standards of the parents- • Also the success of many Indian school students has led some to argue it is based on high levels of parental encouragement... • However government funded research has also found • Four out of 10 black parents support the idea of racially separate schools • Some felt school failed to acknowledge or understand their ‘cultural needs’. • The majority of parents identified education as their greatest concern, • Many sent children to Saturday school to gain extra tutoring • Source- The Daily Telegraph, 16 August 1996

  28. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES The majority of ethnic minority school pupils attending British schools were born in Britain. However many may well have parents who are not fluent in written or even spoken English. They may not have the shared cultural values and backgrounds which help their children to succeed.

  29. Exam Questions • Describe ONE way in which schools prepare pupils for employment in later life and explain how this works. (5 marks) 2. Identify one way in which ‘streaming’ might affect the educational success of school children and explain why this could be. (5 marks) 3. Identify two differences between selective schools and comprehensive schools. (2 marks)

  30. Home arguments Underachievement – home vs school School arguments Extended answer questions – class & underachievement Facilities at home eg computers Over-crowding Crime in home area Parents can’t help with work Labelling by teachers SFP Peer pressure School culture and values Language

  31. Exam Questions • Explain what sociologist mean by the term ‘differential educational achievement.’ (4 marks) • Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teachers’ expectations are the most significant influence on children’s educational achievements (12 marks) • Discuss how far sociologists would agree that ethnic background is the most significant influence on pupils’ educational achievements in Britain today. (12 marks) • Discuss how far sociologists would agree that school-based factors are the most important influence on pupil’s educational achievements in Britain today. (12 marks) • Discuss how far sociologists would agree that gender is the most significant influence on pupils’ educational achievements in Britain today. (12 marks)

  32. Parentocracy

  33. Britishness

  34. Ethnocentric

  35. e.g. Role allocation

  36. New Vocationalism

  37. Subculture

  38. Immediate gratification

  39. Labelling

  40. Education market

  41. Restricted code

  42. Cultural capital

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