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NEURONS, HORMONES, and the BRAIN

Dive into the intricate workings of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral systems. Explore reflexes, sensory processing, and the roles of neurons and hormones, all essential for understanding brain function.

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NEURONS, HORMONES, and the BRAIN

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  1. NEURONS, HORMONES, and the BRAIN Chapter 4 “[The brain] is the soul’s frail dwelling house.” - William Shakespeare

  2. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • MAIN DUTY = Gather and process information • Divided into 2 parts: 1) ______________________________________ 2) ______________________________________ CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  3. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) • Receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory information (tastes, smells, sights, etc.) • Also sends out messages • Includes the _________ and ________________ • Spinal Cord = part of the brain that runs down the back, protected by a column of bones BRAIN SPINAL CORD

  4. Central Nervous System

  5. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) • SPINAL CORD • Sometimes _____________________________ occur as an automatic response that does not need the brain’s involvement • EXAMPLE: Touching a hot stove • Neural circuits connect to the brain, so reflexes can be influenced by thoughts and emotions SPINAL REFLEXES

  6. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) INPUT/OUTPUT • __________________ machine for the CNS • Includes all portions of the nervous systemoutside the brain and spinal cord • Sensory and motor nerves • Divided into 2 parts

  7. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1) _______________________________________ • connects to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles (VOLUNTARY ACTION) • AKA skeletal nervous system 2)_______________________________________ • regulates the internal organs and glands (INVOLUNTARY, INTERNAL ACTION) • Blood vessels, heart, bladder, etc. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Obama Girl

  8. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • Divided into 2 parts: 1) _____________________ NERVOUS SYSTEM • Mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stress • “PUMPS YOU UP!!” 2) _____________________ NERVOUS SYSTEM • Operates during relaxed states and conserves energy • Calms you down SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC

  9. QUICK QUIZ Name that part of the Nervous System NOTES AWAY!!!!

  10. SCENARIO #1 After a near brush with death, you begin to calm down. Your sweat dries, your heartbeat returns to normal, and you stop peeing your pants.

  11. SCENARIO #2 Jerry is chopping wood for the fireplace. He accidentally slips and, well…let’s just say Jerry will be limping for a long time. The pain IMMEDIATELY registers in Jerry’s brain and causes him to yelp!

  12. SCENARIO #3 Whenever Judy is around Bert, she freezes up. Her heart beats faster, her palms get sweaty, and she stutters.

  13. SCENARIO #4

  14. SCENARIO #5 Jim is in the basement working on a school project when the electricity goes out. Jim calmly gets up and feels his way to the stairs and out onto the 1st floor. The lights return and Jim can once again see everything around him.

  15. SCENARIO #6 You just finished a shouting match with your parents. (They just don’t understand that ALL the cool kids are egging houses on Halloween and you just can’t be left out). You slam the door to your room and finish venting, slowly letting your anger fizzle out. (Angry)

  16. SCENARIO #7

  17. SCENARIO #8

  18. SCENARIO #9 Chase Utley consciously gets into his batting stance. He deliberately swings the bat a few time to get the right feel of its weight. He calculates the incoming pitch and purposefully drives the bat forward knocking in the game winning run.

  19. SCENARIO #10 Nervous System?

  20. SCENARIO #1 PARASYMPATHETIC After a near brush with death, you begin to calm down. Your sweat dries, your heartbeat returns to normal, and you stop peeing your pants.

  21. SCENARIO #2 CENTRAL Jerry is chopping wood for the fireplace. He accidentally slips and, well…let’s just say Jerry will be limping for a long time. The pain IMMEDIATELY registers in Jerry’s brain and causes him to yelp!

  22. SCENARIO #3 SYMPATHETIC Whenever Judy is around Bert, she freezes up. Her heart beats faster, her palms get sweaty, and she stutters.

  23. SCENARIO #4 CENTRAL

  24. SCENARIO #5 SOMATIC Jim is in the basement working on a school project when the electricity goes out. Jim calmly gets up and feels his way to the stairs and out onto the 1st floor. The lights return and Jim can once again see everything around him.

  25. SCENARIO #6 PARASYMPATHETIC You just finished a shouting match with your parents. (They just don’t understand that ALL the cool kids are egging houses on Halloween and you just can’t be left out). You slam the door to your room and finish venting, slowly letting your anger fizzle out. (Angry)

  26. SCENARIO #7 PERIPHERAL

  27. SCENARIO #8 SYMPATHETIC

  28. SCENARIO #9 SOMATIC Chase Utley consciously gets into his batting stance. He deliberately swings the bat a few time to get the right feel of its weight. He calculates the incoming pitch and purposefully drives the bat forward knocking in the game winning run.

  29. SCENARIO #10 SYMPATHETIC

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