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Waves disturbances (but in a good way! Mostly  )

Waves disturbances (but in a good way! Mostly  ). Definition. Waves are disturbances that transfer energy!. Types of Waves. Mechanical Waves. Electromagnetic Waves. An electromagnetic wave is simply light of a visible or invisible wavelength.

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Waves disturbances (but in a good way! Mostly  )

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  1. Wavesdisturbances(but in a good way! Mostly )

  2. Definition Waves are disturbances that transfer energy! Waves

  3. Types of Waves Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic Waves An electromagnetic waveis simply light of a visible or invisible wavelength. Oscillating intertwined electric and magnetic fields comprise light. Light can travel without a medium—super, duper fast. • A mechanical waveis a disturbance that propagates through a medium. • A medium is any material (matter) through which a wave travels. Mechanical wave examples: sound; water waves; a pulse traveling on a spring; earthquakes; a “people wave” in a football stadium. Waves

  4. Types of Mechanical Waves Longitudinal Transverse Particle motion moves perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (wave motion) Examples: Sound Waves Seismic waves that travel through the earth Particle motion moves parallel to wave propagation (wave motion) Examples: Light waves Seismic waves that travel on the surface of the earth Waves

  5. Types of Waves Use your slinky to model longitudinal and transverse waves Waves

  6. Wave Characteristics Wave Cycle Wave cycle Oscillation Waves

  7. Wave Characteristics • Amplitude (A)– Maximum displacement of particle of the medium from its equilibrium point. The bigger the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries. (In the case of sound Large Amplitude = LOUD) (In the case of a radio wave Large Amplitude = great signal strength!) Waves

  8. Wave Characteristics Period and frequency T = 1/f • Period (T) – time required for 1 complete wave cycle (measured in seconds). • Frequency (f) - The number of cycles passing by in a given time. The SI unit for frequency is the Hertz (Hz), which is one cycle per second. (the number of waves that occur in 1 second) Waves

  9. Period-Frequency Relationship Waves

  10. Beach example  Suppose you were at the beach and noticed the waves were hitting your toes at a regular repeating interval. You counted 5 waves touching your toes in 10 seconds time. (Tip: Use your definitions!) • Determine the frequency of the waves. • Calculate the period of the waves. Waves

  11. Wave Characteristics • Wavelength ()– Distance from crest (max positive displacement) to crest, measured in meters. • Frequency (f)– The number of cycles passing by in a given time. The SI unit for frequency is the Hertz (Hz), which is one cycle per second. • Wave speed (v)– How fast the wave is moving (the disturbance itself, not how fast the individual particles are moving, which constantly varies). The speed of all waves depends on the medium. Waves

  12. Wave Relationships Wave-Speed Example: Sound The speed of sound at 25 °C (about room temperature) is 346.13 m/s. Assume you are playing the piano and strike middle C (frequency 261.6 Hz). Calculate the wavelength of middle C. Determine the period of this sound wave. • Wavelength (λ) • Frequency (f) • Propagation speed (v) v = λf Rearrange this equation to solve for wavelength. λ = v/f Waves

  13. Electric Charges The atom Waves

  14. Electric field lines Waves

  15. Electromagnetic Waves Are made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space by transferring energy between vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Waves

  16. E field simulation Check out this simulation on electric fields https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/charges-and-fields Waves

  17. Electromagnetic Waves Are made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space by transferring energy between vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Waves

  18. EM Transmission Check out these simulations to relate electric fields to how your CricketSat works. • http://www.cabrillo.edu/~jmccullough/Applets/Flash/Optics/EMWave.swf(this one runs automatically) • https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/radio-waves(this one you control) Waves

  19. Speed of Light (c) c = 3 x 108 m/s Example: Suppose your partner were on the moon and you were able to make a cell phone call directly to the moon. How long would it take the signal to make it from your phone on Earth to your partners phone on the Moon? Waves

  20. Your CricketSat • Calculate the wavelength of the radio wave that your 433 MHz transmitter is transmitting. • Assuming that your CricketSat makes it to 5 km in altitude – determine the time required for the 433 MHz signal to reach your ground station. M = Mega = 106 = 1 million k = kilo = 103 = 1 thousand Waves

  21. EM Spectrum Waves

  22. Atmospheric Opacity Where do the radio waves transmitted by our radio fall into this picture? Do we need to worry about atmospheric absorption? Waves

  23. The Visible Portion EM Spectrum Make a statement about the percentage of visible light in the entire EM Spectrum Waves

  24. Waves

  25. Frequency allocation chart Waves

  26. Waves

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