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Perspective An Overview. SLEIGHTS OF MIND SAIL PRESENTATION FEBRUARY 25, 2013 STERN AND LUSK. William James: CONSCIOUSNESS. According to James, consciousness is t he starting place of all psychology; the m ost crucial aspect of human mentality. But, it was a phenomenon too familiar to
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Perspective An Overview SLEIGHTS OF MIND SAIL PRESENTATION FEBRUARY 25, 2013 STERN AND LUSK
William James: CONSCIOUSNESS According to James, consciousness is the starting place of all psychology; the most crucial aspect of human mentality. But, it was a phenomenon too familiar to be given a definition. James believed that everyone took themselves to be possessors of conscious states that were accessible by introspection—the most fundamental of all the postulates of psychology. “I would discard all curious inquiries about its certainty as too metaphysical…” Principles of Psychology, 1890 1842-1910
“What is meant by consciousness we need not discuss; it is beyond all doubt.” Sigmund Freud 1856 - 1939
Perspectives will both facilitate & constrain perception
William James: ATTENTION “Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others.” Principles of Psychology, 1890 1842-1910
The Burke Theorem “A way of seeing is also a way of not seeing - a focus upon object A involves a neglect of object B.” Kenneth Burke Literary Philosopher 1897-1993
Believing is Seeing
Faces . . . Everywhere
Believing is Seeing
Believing is Seeing Priming
Cowboy crossing the creek
Michael Shermer Priming Priming
Seeing is Deceiving
Shapiro Lab Illusions
Seeing is Deceiving Cartography - Blue & Red
Seeing is Deceiving The Peters map