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An Investigation into the Production and Application of Carbon nanofibers

An Investigation into the Production and Application of Carbon nanofibers. By Russell Petrie Supervisor: Professor P J Hall. Introduction. Carbon Precursor Fiber Diameter vs. Surface Area Electrospinning Technique Heat Treatments Characterization Results Conclusion. Carbon Precursor.

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An Investigation into the Production and Application of Carbon nanofibers

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  1. An Investigation into the Production and Application of Carbon nanofibers By Russell Petrie Supervisor: Professor P J Hall

  2. Introduction • Carbon Precursor • Fiber Diameter vs. Surface Area • Electrospinning Technique • Heat Treatments • Characterization • Results • Conclusion

  3. Carbon Precursor • Coal Tar pitch • 55ºC Softening Point • Filtration and Distillation • n-methyl pyrrolidinone solution

  4. Fiber Diameter vs. Surface Area

  5. Protective plastic cover Resistor Plastic Syringe Syringe Pump V Hollow Needle Stand High Voltage Generator Collector Plate Electrospinning Technique • 15 kV Potential Difference • Rapid Diameter Shrinkage • Water Bath

  6. Heat Treatments • 350ºC Stabilisation - Sets fiber structure and removes some organic compounds • 1100ºC Carbonisation - Removes non-carbon elements including nitrogen • 1500ºC Graphitisation - Little weight loss, aligns and improves crystallite structure in carbon fiber

  7. Characterisation • Softening Point Test • Weight Loss • BET surface area • SANS (Small Angle Neutron Scattering) • Microscopy

  8. Results • The softening point is determined when the viscosity starts to rise sharply, this is usually in the region of 3500-4000 Pa.s Softening Point Test

  9. Weight Loss • 350ºC Stabilisation - 26% weight loss • 350ºC - 1100ºC Carbonisation - 79% loss • 350ºC - 1500ºC Graphitisation - 70% loss

  10. BET • N2 Adsorption at 77K • Type II Isotherm • Hysteresis • Surface Area - 266m2/g

  11. SANS • Data corrected for background and sample holder scattering • Contrast matched using deutrerated toluene • Data suggests non-porous structure

  12. Microscopy • 50x Magnification • Fig 1. Melt spun carbon fiber, 40mm diameter • Fig 2. Fiber spun on glass slide • Fig 3. Fiber spun onto water • Fig 4. Stabilised fiber Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4

  13. Conclusions • Novel technique to produce carbon nanofibers • Produces high surface area carbons without porous structure • Potential use in the fuel cell field as catalyst supports

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