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The Crisis Deepens. Chapter 10 Section 3. Birth of the Republican Party. Kansas-Nebraska Act -> replaced Missouri Compromise Had major effect on Democratic and Whig parties Whip Party-> Southern=pro-slavery and Northern=antislavery
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The Crisis Deepens Chapter 10 Section 3
Birth of the Republican Party • Kansas-Nebraska Act -> replaced Missouri Compromise • Had major effect on Democratic and Whig parties • Whip Party-> Southern=pro-slavery and Northern=antislavery • Anger over the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to new coalition-> Whigs, Free-Soil Party, and antislavery Democrats created the Republican Party ( also called Anti-Nebraska, Fusion, People’s, and Independent Party) • Began during Congressional elections in 1854
Republicans Organize • Organized in July of 1854 • Took name from Jefferson’s original party • Wanted prevent Southern planters from controlling the federal gov’t • Agreed slavery should be kept out of territories • Northern voters agreed-> Republicans made great strides in the elections of 1854
The Know-Nothings • Know-Nothings (American Party) • Made great gains due to anger against the Democrats in the north • Were anti-Catholic and nativists • Opposed immigration • Were scared they would take jobs • Used this ideology to win seats in Congress and state legislature • Eventually split over slavery and Northern party members merged with Republicans • Slavery>than immigration
Election of 1856 • John C. Fremont (Rep.)vs. James Buchannan (Dem.) vs. Millard Fillmore (American Party) • Two separate contests: • Buchannan vs. Fremont (North) • Dems. Campaigned on the idea that Buchannan could save the Union and Fremont’s election would cause the South to secede • Buchannan won • Buchannan vs. Fillmore (South) • Buchannan had solid support in the South=easy win
Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857) • Background: Scott was a slave from Missouri, had been shuffled from one family to another - one Northern state to another - eventually abolitionists decide to use him as a test case. • Three Questions of the case: • 1. Were blacks CITIZENS under the meaning of the constitution? • Ruling- No, they are property. • 2. Does residence in a free state make a slave free? • Ruling-No • 3. Does residence North of the 36-30 N Latitude line make a slave free? • Ruling-No, Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
Sectional Division Grows • Dred Scott Decision • In his March 1857 inaugural address, Buchanan suggested that the Supreme Court decide the question of slavery in the territories • Two days later Supreme Court released the Dred Scott v. Sanford ruling • Dred Scot is the first case since Marbury v. Madison that the supreme court found an act of congress unconstitutional. • America’s Response: • North: Slavery has become a southern conspiracy. There is no telling when slavery will end, or how far it will reach. • South: Yay! • Increased sectional conflict-> b/c federal gov’t couldn’t prohibit slavery in any territories
Sectional Division Grows • Dems for decision-> Reps condemned it and claimed it was not binding • Reps argued it was an obiter dictum->incidental opinion not called for by all circumstances of the case • Southerners called for Northerners to obey the decision or they would secede the Union
Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution • Gov’t fueled conflict b/w pro and antislavery forces in “Bleeding Kansas” • Buchannan urged statehood • constitution was drafted in Lecompton->legalized slavery in the territory • Each side held their own referendum-> anti forces opposed and pro forces approved it • Buchanan accepted pros vote and asked Kansas be admitted as slave state • Senate accepted Lecompton Constitution • Caused fights to break out in Congress
Kansas’s Lecompton Constitution • Pres. Buchanan and Southern leaders agreed to allow another referendum-> Southerners were confident b/c if rejected Kansas would be delayed statehood 2yrs. • In 1858, settlers of Kansas rejected the Lecompton Constitution • Became a state in 1861
Lincoln and Douglas • Read Lincoln and Douglas on pg. 336-337 • Reading Checks: • Lincoln’s background • Douglas’ background • Location of the pivotal debate b/w the 2 • Significant Questions and responses • Election winner • Lincoln’s positive impact
Lincoln and Douglas Stephen Douglas Abraham Lincoln
John Brown’s Raid • Read pg. 337. • Write a brief summary of John Brown’s Raid. • Discuss all of the following: • What happened? • Who was involved? • Where did it take place? • What were the results of the incident?
